ادراک و تجارب زیستۀ مادران از بدرفتاری با کودکان: مطالعه‌ای با رویکرد پدیدارشناسانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی و آموزش کودکان استثنایی ، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.‏

2 گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران.‏‎ ‎

3 گروه روان‌شناسی و آموزش کودکان استثنایی، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.‏

4 گروه روان‌سنجی، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.‏

5 گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، پردیس بین‌الملل دانشگاه تهران، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش کیفی با هدف واکاوی ادراک و تجارب زیستۀ مادران از علل و ابعاد بدرفتاری با کودکان با رویکرد پدیدارشناسی توصیفی انجام گرفت. میدان پژوهش، مادران دارای کودک پایۀ پنجم و ششم مقطع دبستان مدرسۀ پسرانۀ غیرانتفاعی ملاصدرا در شهر کرج در سال 1403-1402 بود. 15 نفر از مادران از طریق نمونه‌گیری هدفمند ملاکی انتخاب شدند و داده‌های پژوهش از تجارب زیستۀ مادران و مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته با آنان گردآوری شد. به‌منظور روایی پژوهش، از نظر استادان روان‌شناسی و حوزۀ پژوهش‌های کیفی استفاده شد و ضریب توافق 86/0 به‌دست آمد. سپس تمامی داده‌ها با استفاده از روش کلایزی و نرم‌افزار مکس‌کیودی‌ای نسخۀ ۱۸ تحلیل شدند. نتایج پژوهش در سه مضمون اصلی ابعاد بدرفتاری (با چهار زیرمضمون)، عوامل سوق‌دهنده (با سه زیرمضمون) و پیامد بدرفتاری (با پنج زیرمضمون) به‌دست آمده است. توجه به نیازهای عاطفی و روانی کودکان و ارائۀ حمایت‌های لازم به والدین برای بهبود مهارت‌های والدگری، از ضرورت‌های مهم در پیشگیری از بدرفتاری با کودکان محسوب می‌شود؛ بنابراین، سیاست‌گذاران باید بر تقویت مهارت‌های والدگری و افزایش آگاهی خانواده‌ها تمرکز کنند تا محیط‌های خانوادگی امن‌تری برای رشد خردسالان فراهم شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Mothers’ Lived Experiences and Their Perceptions of Child Maltreatment: A Study ‎with a Phenomenological Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Saeed Sajjadi Anari ‎ 1
  • Hedye Aghamohseni ‎ 2
  • Masoumeh Zabeti Arani ‎ 3
  • Morteza Valai ‎ 4
  • Neda Sayadi ‎ 5

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and ‎Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. ‎

2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. ‎

3 ‎3.‎ Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education, ‎University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

4 ‎4.‎ Department of psychometrics, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, ‎Iran.‎

5 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tehran University International Campus, ‎University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

This study aimed to explore mothers’ lived experiences and their perceptions of the causes and dimensions of child maltreatment. The research method was qualitative and conducted through a descriptive phenomenological approach. The stratistical population comprised of mothers of children in the 5th and 6th grades of the non-profit Mulla-Sadra Boys’ School in Karaj in 2023-2024. Among mothers, 15 individuals were selected through purposive sampling, and research data were gathered from the mothers’ lived experiences and semi-structured interviews with them. For the validity of the study, the viewpoints of psychology experts and the method of qualitative research were employed, and an agreed coefficient of 0.86 was obtained. Consequently, all data were analyzed through the Collaizzi’s method and MAXQDA software version 18. The results were classified in 3 main themes: 1. dimensions of maltreatment with 4 subthemes, 2. contributing factors with 3 subthemes, and 3. consequences of maltreatment with 5 subthemes. In order to appose chald abuse and maltreatment, it is required to give consideration to the emotional and psychological requirements of children and providing parents with the essential support to enhance parenting skills. Therefore, policymakers should put consideration on fostering parenting skills and increasing family awareness to provide safe family environments for the development of young children.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lived Experiences
  • Maltreatment
  • Phenomenology.‎
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دوره 17، شماره 1
فروردین 1405
صفحه 201-221
  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 07 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 13 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 18 بهمن 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 فروردین 1405