The Effectiveness of group rehabilitation program based on mothers Expressed Emotion in emotional functions of high function autistic children

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

This research aimed to survey the effect of Floortime group intervention base on mothers Expressed Emotions in Emotional Functions of high function autistic children. The first part of study was a causal-comparative study and the second part was semi-experimental study. As a result the plan was drafted in 23 sessions. And Finally 14 high function autistic children were selected by nonrandom sampling in autism center (7 people in experimental & & people in control group that was delivered just ABA intervention). In this research, family questionnaire, the Stanford-Binet intelligence test, the Gilliam Autism test, functional emotional development test. Results showed that after the intervention, there were a significant difference between the experimental group in comparing with control group, in the 2 final stage of emotional functions that is; fifth stage (emotional beliefs) by (P=0/017) and the sixth stage (emotional and rational thinking) (P= 0/004).

Keywords


Abazari, k., malekpour, M., Ghamarani, A., Abedi, A., Faramarzi S. (2015). understanding the factors that influence Expressed Emotion in autistic children’s mothers (mixed method research). Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences. In press [In Persian].
Alidade M, Ismailia S. (2015). The effectiveness of floor-time intervention on emotional functions of children with autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation Faculty of Rehabilitation of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 9 (1), 8-16. [In Persian]
Aminloo, M., Kamkari, k., Shokrzade, Sh. (2013). Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test for Tehran- concurrent validity of the new version and the second version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children with learning disabilities in children. Journal of exceptional education. 13 (7). [In Persian].
Azizi M., Afrooz Gh. Hassanzadeh S., Ghobari Bonab B., Arjmandnia A. (2016). Designing the Preverbal Skills Training Program and Studying its Effectiveness on High- Functional Autistic Children's Communication Skills. Applied Psychology Research Quarterly. 7(2), 17-32. [In Persian]
Autism Society. (2006). http: //www.autism-societ v.org/abqut-autism/.
Ayden, A. (2015). A comparison of the alexithymia, self-compassion and humor characteristics of the parents with mentally disabled and autistic children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174. 720 – 729.
Bader, S. H., Barry, T. D., & Hann, J. H. (2014). The Relation between Parental Expressed Emotion and Externalizing Behaviors in Children and Adolescents with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 44: 2820–2831
Benson, P., Daley, Dave., Karlof, K., Robison, D. (2011). Assessing expressed emotion in mothers of children with Autism. SAGE Publications and the National Autistic Society. 15(1) 65–82
Callahan, K., Henson, R., & Cowan, A. (2008). Social validation of evidence-based practices in autism by parents, teachers, and administrators. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 678-692.
Creswell JW. (2013). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Washington DC: SAGE Publications Inc.
Cridland EK., Jones SC., Magee CA., Caputi P. (2014). Family-focused autism spectrum disorder research: A review of the utility of family systems approaches. Autism; 18(3): 213-22.
Eisenberg, N., Gershoff, E. T. Fabes, R. A. Shepard, S. A. Cumberland, A. J. Losoya, S. H. Guthrie, I. K and Murphy, B. C. (2001). Mothers' Emotional
Expressivity and Children's Behavior Problems and Social Competence: Mediation through Children's Regulation. Developmental Psychology, 37 (4), 475-490
Eisenhower, A. S., Baker, B. L., & Blacher, J. (2005). Preschool children with intellectual disability: Syndrome specificity, behavior problems, and maternal wellbeing. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(9), 657–671.
Fallahi, V., Karimisani, P. (2016). The effectiveness of Narrative Therapy on improvement of communication and social Interaction of children with autism. Applied Psychology Research Quarterly. 7(2), 81-104. [In Persian]
Fisher St., John College Rochester, NY., USA. (2012). Virtual Floortime Using Games to Engage Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Communication/Journalism & Digital Cultures and Technologies. IEEE International Games Innovation Conference.
Griffith G. M., Hastings, R. P., Petalas, M. A., & Lloyd, T. J. (2014). Mothers expressed emotion towards children with autism spectrum disorder and their siblings. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research.59 (6): 580–587
Gilliam JE. (1995). Gilliam autism rating scale GARS Austin, TX: Pro-Ed (Firm).
Greenspan, S. I. & Wieder, S. (2006). Engaging Autism. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Da Capo Press.
Greenspan, S.I. &Wieder, S. (1998). The Child with Special Needs. Encouraging Intellectual and Emotional Growth. Reading, MA: Perseus Publishing.
Greenberg, J.S., Mailick Seltzer, M., Hong, J., & Orsmond, G.I. (2006). ‘Bidirectional Effects of Expressed Emotion and Behavior Problems and Symptoms in Adolescents and Adults with Autism’, American Journal on Mental Retardation, 111: 229–249.
Holtzer J. (2014). Efficacy of DIR: Floortime in children with Spectrum Disorder. Hostra University, PhD thesis.
Hilton Jane C., Seal Brenda C., Brief Report. (2007). Comparative ABA and DIR Trials in Twin Brothers with Autism. J Autism Dev Disord, 37:1197–1201
Handley, Rosemary L. (2014). Aggressive and self-injurious behavior: towards a community early intervention strategy. Ph.D. thesis, University of Birmingham. http:// theses. Bham.ac. uk/5230/5/ Handley14PhD.pdf
Hooley, J.M., & Parker, H.A. (2006). Measuring expressed emotion: an evaluation of the shortcuts. Journal of Family Psychology, 20 (3), 386-396.
Ingersoll, B. )2010). Teaching Social Communication a Comparison of Naturalistic Behavioral and Development, Social Pragmatic Approaches for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, Volume 12, Number 1, January. 33-43
Javadi F., Hassanzadeh S., Arjmandnia A. (2014). The Effectiveness of Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) on Decrease of Clinical Symptoms in Children with Autism and their Parental Stress. Applied Psychology Research Quarterly. 5(3), 55-69. [In Persian]
Karst, J. S., & Van Hecke, A. V. (2012). Parent and family impact of autism spectrum disorders: A review and proposed model for intervention evaluation. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 15(3), 247–277.
Khodabakhshi koolayi A. (2007). Compare the effectiveness of family "model of family management" and "psycho-educational McFarlane" to reduce relapse in schizophrenia patients' mothers, mothers expressed emotion and psychological pressure on them. PhD thesis, Iran, Tehran, Allameh Tabatabayi University. [In Persian].
LUBY, M. (2014). THE IMPACTS ON THE PARENT AND CHILD: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ABA AND DIR INTERVENTIONS FOR YOUNG CHILDREN W ITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS. PhD thesis, Wright Institute Graduate School of Psychology.
Minjarez, m., Williams, S., Mercier, E., Harden, A. (2011). Pivotal Response Group Treatment Program for Parents of Children with Autism. J Autism Dev Discord; 41:92–101.
Mofrad F., Amin Yazdi, A., Kareshki, H., HajyKhani, Z. (2013). The relationship between mother-child relationships with functional preschoolers' emotional development. International Congress of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. [In Persian]
MUDFORD, O.C., MARTIN, N. T., EIKESETH, S. & BIBBY, P. (2001). Parent-managed behavioral treatment for preschool children with autism: some characteristics of UK programs. Res Dev Disabil. May-Jun; 22 (3):173-82
Novak, J., Miller, D., Cullinane, K., Van Rooney, G., Williamson; Pasadena Child Development Associates, Pasadena, C. (2011). DIR® /Floortime: A Framework for Nutrition Intervention for Pediatric Feeding Problems. POSTER SESSION: PROFESSIONAL SKILLS; NUTRITION ASSESSMENT; MEDICAL NUTRITION THERAPY .Sunday, September 25.
Orsmond G. I., Seltzer M. M., Greenberg J. S. & Krauss M. W. ( 2006). Mother–child relationship quality among adolescents and adults with autism. American Journal of Mental Retardation. 111, 121–37.
Pajareya K., ruslers K. (2011). A pilot randomized controlled trial of DIR/Floortime™ parent training intervention for pre-school children with autistic spectrum disorders. SAGE Publications and the National Autistic Society, Vol 15(5) 563–577
Pitschel-Walz, G., Leucht, S., Bauml, J., Kissling, W., & Engel, R. R. (2001).The effect of family interventions on relapse and Rehospitalisation in schizophrenia—a meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 27, 73–92.
Roberts, J., Williams, K.., Carter, M., Evans, D., Parmenter, T & et al. (2011). A randomized controlled trial of two early intervention programs for young children with autism: Centre-based with parent program and home-based. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 5, 1553–1566.
Solomon, R., Necheles, J., Ferch, C., &Bruckman, D. (2007). Pilot study of a parent training program for young children with autism: The PLAY Project Home Consultation program. Autism, 11(3), 205–224.
Wiedemann, G., Rayki, O., Feinstein, E., & Hahlweg, K. (2002). The family questionnaire: Development and validation of a new self-report scale for assessing expressed emotion. Psychiatry Research, 109, 265-279.
Wasserman, S., Mamani, A. W., Mundy, P. (2010). Parents’ criticisms and attributions about their adult children with high functioning autism or schizophrenia. SAGE Publications and the National Autistic Society. 14 (2) 127–137.
Wilson, R, & Hughes, C. (2011). Assessing Expressed Emotion in parents in association with children’s social competence, language ability and their understanding of others. University of Cambridge, MMU psychology journal (Dissertation) UK, 1-28.
Zachor, D., Ben-Itzchak, E., Rabinovich, A., & Lahat, E. (2007). Change in autism core symptoms with intervention. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 1, 304-317.
Zarrabi moghadam Z., Aminyazdi A. (2015). Pattern Play Therapy (Floortime) Nature-based interventions for children in the autism spectrum. International Conference on Humanities, psychology and social sciences. Iran, Tehran. [In Persian]
Volume 7, Issue 4
March 2017
Pages 221-242
  • Receive Date: 17 August 2015
  • Revise Date: 14 October 2017
  • Accept Date: 08 May 2016
  • First Publish Date: 20 January 2017
  • Publish Date: 20 January 2017