Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Culture and Science of university, Tehran, Iran

2 Baqiyatallah university of Mental science & Clinical psychology, Tehran, Iran

3 University of social welfare &rehabilitation science

Abstract

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common, chronic and debilitating disorders. The present research was conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). The research method is descriptive and correlational. Sampling method is convenience. Sample size in the first step consists of 201 people and the final step includes validated questionnaires including 157 Tehran citizens who have experienced excessive stress and from April to September 2017 responded to the Connor- Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the PTSD scale of MCCP (MCCP). The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that PCL-5 has a five-factor structure in Iranian culture. The internal consistency of the scale is high and the Cronbach's alpha is equal to 0.92. Significant correlation between the scores of this scale and the MCCP scores indicates the desired convergent validity (0.74) and with the CD-RISC scores represent a desirable divergent validity (0.46). PCL-5 as a tool according to DSM-5 can help specialists in the assessment of PTSD.

Keywords


American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Pub.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition Ðtext revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Armour, C., Tsai, J., Durham, T. A., Charak, R., Biehn, T. L., Elhai, J. D., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2015). Dimensional structure of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress symptoms: Support for a hybrid Anhedonia and Externalizing Behaviors model. Journal of psychiatric research, 61, 106-113.
Ashbaugh, A. R., Houle-Johnson, S., Herbert, C., El-Hage, W., & Brunet, A. (2016). Psychometric validation of the English and French versions of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). PloS one, 11(10), e0161645.
Besharat, M.A. (2007). Psychometric Properties of the Persian Resilience Scale. Research Report, University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Blanchard, E. B., Jones-Alexander, J., Buckley, T. C., & Forneris, C. A. (1996). Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Behaviour research and therapy, 34(8), 669-673.
Boysan, M., Guzel Ozdemir, P., Ozdemir, O., Selvi, Y., Yilmaz, E., & Kaya, N. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (PCL-5). Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 27(3), 306-316.
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor Davidson resilience scale (CD RISC). Depression and anxiety, 18(2), 76-82.
Conybeare, D., Behar, E., Solomon, A., Newman, M. G., & Borkovec, T. D. (2012). The PTSD Checklist—Civilian Version: Reliability, validity, and factor structure in a nonclinical sample. Journal of clinical psychology, 68(6), 699-713.
Goodarzi, M.A. (2003). The validity and reliability of post-traumatic stress disorder scales of Mississippi (ESSL). Journal of Psychology, 26, 7 (2), 178-153. (In Persian)
Haslam, C., & Mallon, K. (2003). A preliminary investigation of post-traumatic stress symptoms among firefighters. Work & Stress, 17(3), 277-285.
Inkelas, M., Loux, L. A., Bourque, L. B., Widawski, M., & Nguyen, L. H. (2000). Dimensionality and reliability of the Civilian Mississippi Scale for PTSD in a post-earthquake community. Journal of traumatic stress, 13(1), 149-167.
Kao, Y. C., Liu, Y. P., Chou, M. K., & Cheng, T. H. (2011). Subjective quality of life in patients with chronic schizophrenia: relationships between psychosocial and clinical characteristics. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 52(2), 171-180.
Keane, T. M., Caddell, J. M., & Taylor, K. L. (1988). Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: three studies in reliability and validity. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 56(1), 85.
Kharamin S A, Gorji R, Gholam zade S, Amini K. The Prevalence Rate of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the Rape Victims of Kohgiloyeh and Boyairahmad Province during (2011-2012). Ir J Forensic Med. 2012; 18 (2 and 3) :99-106. (In Persian)
Liu, P., Wang, L., Cao, C., Wang, R., Zhang, J., Zhang, B., ... & Elhai, J. D. (2014). The underlying dimensions of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in an epidemiological sample of Chinese earthquake survivors. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(4), 345-351.
MacDermid Wadsworth, S. M. (2010). Family risk and resilience in the context of war and terrorism. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), 537-556.
Saberi H R, Moravveji S. A. R, Ghoraishi F, Heidari Z. Post-traumatic stress disorder in Kashan and Arak emergency medicine departments’ staffs during 2009. Feyz. 2009; 12 (5) :1-6. .(In Persian)
Selaman, Z. M., Chartrand, H. K., Bolton, J. M., & Sareen, J. (2014). Which symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder are associated with suicide attempts? Journal of anxiety disorders, 28(2), 246-251.
Xia, Z. Y., Kong, Y., Yin, T. T., Shi, S. H., Huang, R., & Cheng, Y. H. (2014). The impact of acceptance of disability and psychological resilience on post-traumatic stress disorders in burn patients. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 1(4), 371-375.
Weathers FW, Litz BT, Keane TM, Palmieri PA, Marx BP, Schnurr PP. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Scale available from the National Center for PTSD at www.ptsd.va.gov. 1993.
Whitbourne, S. K., & Halgin, R. P. (2013). Abnormal psychology: Clinical perspectives. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Vreven, D. L., Gudanowski, D. M., King, L. A., & King, D. W. (1995). The civilian version of the Mississippi PTSD Scale: A psychometric evaluation. Journal of traumatic stress, 8(1), 91-109.
Veiskarami, H., Ghadampour., E., Mottaghinia, M.R. (2017). Omnibus T-Scale (OTS): The evaluation of validity and reliability of staff in primary schools. Applied Psychological Research Quarterly, 8(1),31-48. (In Persian)
Zwissler, B., Hauswald, A., Koessler, S., Ertl, V., Pfeiffer, A., Wöhrmann, C., ... & Kissler, J. (2012). Memory control in post-traumatic stress disorder: evidence from item method directed forgetting in civil war victims in Northern Uganda. Psychological medicine, 42(6), 1283-1291.
Volume 9, Issue 3
December 2018
Pages 131-142
  • Receive Date: 04 February 2019
  • Accept Date: 04 February 2019
  • First Publish Date: 04 February 2019
  • Publish Date: 23 September 2018