واکاوی تجربۀ شکست عشقی مکرر در جوانان ایرانی (یک مطالعۀ داده‌بنیاد)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری مشاوره، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه مشاوره، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه مشاوره، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی عوامل مختلف مؤثر بر شکست عشقی مکرر در قالب پژوهشی کیفی و با استفاده از گراندد تئوری بود. جامعۀ آماری تحقیق، کلیۀ دختران و پسران مجرد شهر تهران در سال 1400 بودند که حداقل دو بار تجربۀ شکست عشقی داشتند. از بین آن‌ها 16 نفر (6 پسر و 10 دختر) به شیوۀ هدفمند و گلوله‌برفی انتخاب شدند و براساس اصل اشباع، مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته انجام شد. برای تحلیل مصاحبه‌های انجام‌شده از روش تحلیل سیستماتیک استراوس و کوربن و سه روش کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی بهره گرفته شد. مطابق نتایج، مفهوم هسته‌ای مدل مقوله‌ها (انتخاب هیجانی-تکانشی، سستی ارتباطی و شکست عشقی) درنظر گرفته شد. شرایط علی شکست عشقی مکرر در هشت مقوله قرار گرفتند: انتخاب و ارتباط مبتنی بر اهداف کنشی و ناسالم، وابستگی بیمارگونۀ توأم با اضطراب، خودتخریب‌گری و نداشتن شفقت به خود، نداشتن آمادگی‌های ضروری برای هدایت رابطه به‌سمت تعامل پایدار، الگوهای تعاملی مخرب و ناپایدار، تفاوت‌های تعارض‌برانگیز، ترس‌های غیرواقع‌بینانه و ویژگی‌های شخصیتی تسهیل‌گر. عوامل زمینه‌ساز نیز دو مقولۀ مختل‌بودن کارکرد خانواده و بهره‌مند‌نبودن از راهنمایی شبکۀ اجتماعی متخصص و کارآمد بود. عوامل مداخله‌گر در دو مقولۀ نداشتن تسهیل‌گرهای انتخاب درست و کنش سازنده، و ضعف‌های مهارتی مداخله‌گر قرار گرفتند. کنش‌ها در چهار مقوله طبقه‌بندی شدند: کنش‌های هیجانی-شناختی گذرا و مخرب، کنش‌های هیجانی-شناختی پایدار و مخرب، کنش‌های جسمانی مخرب و کنش‌های رفتاری مخرب. همچنین سه مقولۀ پیامدهای شکست عشقی مکرر عبارت‌اند از: تسهیل‌گرهای انتخاب درست و رابطۀ عاشقانۀ متعهدانه، اجتناب مطلق از تعاملات عاشقانه، و تسهیل‌گرهای انتخاب اشتباه و شکست مجدد رابطۀ عاشقانه.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Grounded Theory Analysis of the Experience of Repeated Love Failure among Iranian Youth

نویسندگان [English]

  • Laya Dindoost 1
  • Ismael Asadpour 2
  • Kianoush Zahrakar 3
  • Farshad Mohsenzadeh 2
1 Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Kharazmi, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Kharazmi. Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Using qualitative research grounded in theory, the purpose of this study was to investigate the various factors that influence repeated love failure. Based on the saturation principle, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 unattached boys and girls in Tehran in 2021 (6 boys and 10 girls) who had experienced at least two love failures. This study’s participants were selected using a targeted, snowball and available methodology. Strauss and Corben’s (1987) systematic analysis and three coding techniques—open, axial, and selective—were utilized to analyze the interviews. According to the results, the core concept of the model was determined to be emotional-impulsive choice, communication weakness, and love failure categories. Analyzed were the eight categories of recurrent love failure: selection and communication based on active and unhealthy goals, pathological dependence combined with anxiety, self-destruction and lack of self-compassion, lack of necessary preparations to lead the relationship to stable interaction, destructive and unstable interaction patterns, conflicting differences, unrealistic fears, and facilitator personality traits. There were two categories of risk factors (family dysfunction and absence of a specialized and effective social network guide). Interfering factors of recurrent love failure fell into two categories: lack of facilitators of right choice and constructive action, interfering skill deficiencies. The actions (strategies) were categorized into four groups: transitory and destructive emotional-cognitive actions, stable and destructive emotional-cognitive actions, destructive physical actions, and destructive behavioral actions. The consequences were divided into three categories: facilitators of correct choice and committed romantic relationship, absolute avoidance of romantic interactions, facilitators of incorrect choice, and re-failure of romantic relationship.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grounded Theory
  • Recurrent Love Failure
  • Single Girls and Boys
آسایش، م.، قاضی‌نژاد، ن.، و باهنر، ف. (1399). تبیین واکنش‌های عاطفی دختران با نشانگان شکست عشقی: مطالعه‌ای کیفی. نشریۀ فرهنگی و تربیتی زنان و خانواده. 15(53)، 154-125.
اکبری، ا.، خانجانی، ز.، پورشریفی، ح.، محمودعلیلو، م.، و عظیمی، ز. (1391). مقایسۀ اثربخشی درمان تحلیل رفتار متقابل با درمان شناختی-رفتاری در بهبود علائم مرضی شکست عشقی دانشجویان. مجلۀ روان‌شناسی بالینی. 3(15)، 101-87.
تکلوی، س.، و رمضانی، م. (1398). مقایسۀ شکست عاطفی و صفات سه‌گانۀ تاریک شخصیت در زنان با و بدون آمادگی به اعتیاد. فصلنامۀ اعتیادپژوهی سوءمصرف مواد. 13(53)، 300-285.
رجبی، س.، جوکار، م.، و علیمرادی، خ.. (1397). اثربخشی درمان شناختی و رفتاری گروهی متمرکز بر آسیب در کاهش نشانگان ضربۀ عشق. دوفصلنامۀ مشاورۀ کاربردی. 8(1)، 96-79.
 References
Adamczyk, K. (2018). Direct and indirect effects of relationship status through unmet need to belong and fear of being single on young adults' romantic loneliness. Personality and Individual Differences, 124, 124-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.011
Akbari, E., Khanjani, Z., Poursharifi, H., Mahmoud-Alilou, M., & Azimi, Z. (2012). Comparative efficacy of transactional analysis versus cognitive behavioral therapy for pathological symptoms of emotional breakdown in students. Journal of Cilinical Psychology, 3(15), 87-101. (in Persian) https://doi.org/10.22075/jcp.2017.2100
Asayesh, M. H., Ghazinejad, N., & Bahonar, F. (2020) Explanation of the Emotional Reactions of Girls with Love Trauma Syndrome: A Qualitative study. The Women and Families Cultural-Educational Journal, 15 (53), 125-154. (in Persian)
Avilés, T. G., Burriss, R. P., Weidmann, R., Bühler, J. L., Wünsche, J., & Grob, A. (2021). Committing to a romantic partner: Does attractiveness matter? A dyadic approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 176, 110765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110765
Bassett, J. F., & Moss, B. (2004). Men and women prefer risk takers as romantic and nonromantic partners. Current Research in Social Psychology, 9(10), 135-144.
Belu, C. F., Lee, B. H., & O'Sullivan, L. F. (2016). It hurts to let you go: Characteristics of romantic relationships, breakups and the aftermath among emerging adults. Journal of Relationships Research, 7, e11. https://doi.org/10.1017/jrr.2016.11 
Boon, S. D., Alibhai, A. M., & Deveau, V. L. (2011). Reflections on the costs and benefits of exacting revenge in romantic relationships. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 43(2), 128-137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022367
Brenner, R. E. (2015). Adjustment to the dissolution of a romantic relationship: effects of ex-relationship specific thought content valence. Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Master of Science in Psychology, Depatment of Psychology, Iowa State University. https://doi.org/10.31274/etd-180810-4230
Broder, M. S., & Goldman, A. (2013). The role of maturity in the cognitions that govern love relationships and sexual satisfaction. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 31(2), 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-013-0159-y
Brown, J., & Sclater, S. D. (2019). Divorce: A psychodynamic perspective. In Undercurrents of divorce (pp. 145-160). London: Routledge.
Callaci, M., Péloquin, K., Barry, R. A., & Tremblay, N. (2020). A dyadic analysis of attachment insecurities and romantic disengagement among couples seeking relationship therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 46(3), 399-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12422
Chapman, H. M. (2011). Love: a biological, psychological and philosophical study. Senior Honors Projects. Paper 254. Retrieved from: http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/254
Dehghani, M., Atef-Vahid, M. K., & Gharaee, B. (2011). Efficacy of short–term anxiety-regulating psychotherapy on love trauma syndrome. Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, 5(2), 18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3939962/
Eastwick, P. W., & Smith, L. K. (2018). Sex-differentiated effects of physical attractiveness on romantic desire: A highly powered, preregistered study in a photograph evaluation context. Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology3(1), 1-27.
Floyd, K. (2018). Affectionate communication in close relationships. Cambridge University Press.
Garbinsky, E. N., Gladstone, J. J., Nikolova, H., & Olson, J. G. (2020). Love, lies, and money: financial infidelity in romantic relationships. Journal of Consumer Research, 47(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucz052
Garimella, V. R. K., Weber, I., & Dal Cin, S. (2014). From “i love you babe” to “leave me alone”-Romantic relationship breakups on Twitter. In International conference on social informatics (pp. 199-215). Springer, Cham.
Gilbert, S. P., & Sifers, S. K. (2011). Bouncing back from a breakup: Attachment, time perspective, mental health, and romantic loss. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy25(4), 295-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87568225.2011.605693
Gómez-López, M., Viejo, C., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2019). Well-being and romantic relationships: A systematic review in adolescence and emerging edulthood. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13), 2415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132415
Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1989). Fourth generation evaluation. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Janardhana, N., & Manjula, B. (2017). Adolescent girls in care and protection framework for their romantic relationship. Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond, 4(1), 24-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/2349301120170104
Kansky, J. (2018). What’s love got to do with it? Romantic relationships and well-being. Handbook of well-being. Salt Lake City, UT: DEF Publishers.
LeFebvre, L., Blackburn, K., & Brody, N. (2015). Navigating romantic relationships on Facebook: Extending the relationship dissolution model to social networking environments. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships32(1), 78-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407514524848
Masland, S. R., & Hooley, J. M. (2020). When trust does not come easily: negative emotional information unduly influences trustworthiness appraisals for individuals with borderline personality features. Journal of Personality Disorders, 34(3), 394-409. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2019_33_404
Mata, J., Richter, D., Schneider, T., & Hertwig, R. (2018). How cohabitation, marriage, separation, and divorce influence BMI: A prospective panel study. Health Psychology37(10), 948-958. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000654
Mattoo, N. H., & Ashai, Y. (2012). A study on impact of divorce upon the attitude and social relations of women in Srinagar district. Studies on Home and Community Science6(2), 113-120. https://doi.org/10.1080/09737189.2012.11885376
Metra, M., & Coats, A. J. S. (2021). Why we love heart failure: An introduction to the universal definition of heart failure. European Journal of Heart Failure, 23(3), 350-351.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.2168
Miller, C., & Poston, M. (2020). The Dark Side of Relationships. Exploring Communication in the Real World. https://cod.pressbooks.pub/communication/chapter/7-6-the-dark-side-of-relationships/.
Overall, N. C., Fletcher, G. J., Simpson, J. A., & Fillo, J. (2015). Attachment insecurity, biased perceptions of romantic partners’ negative emotions, and hostile relationship behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(5), 730-749. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038987
Perilloux, C., & Buss, D. M. (2008). Breaking up romantic relationships: Costs experienced and coping strategies deployed. Evolutionary Psychology, 6(1), 164-181.   https://doi.org/10.1177/147470490800600119
Rajabi, S., Joukar, M., & Alimoradi, K. (2018). The Effectiveness of trauma specific cognitive-behavioral therapy on reducing love fouced syndromes in college students. Biannual Journal of Applied Counseling, 8(1), 79-96. https://doi.org/10.22055/jac.2018.27127.1623 (in Persian)
Raudanski, T. (2019). Kierkegaard’s secret politics of anguish and love. Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook, 24(1), 165-192. https://doi.org/10.1515/kierke-2019-0007
Rosse, R. B. (1999). The love trauma syndrome: free yourself from the pain of a broken. New York: Perseus Publishing.
Rothenberg, W. A., Hussong, A. M., & Chassin, L. (2018). Intergenerational continuity in high-conflict family environments: Investigating a mediating depressive pathway. Developmental psychology54(2), 385-396. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000419.
Rothenberg, W. A., Hussong, A. M., & Chassin, L. (2018). Intergenerational continuity in high-conflict family environments: Investigating a mediating depressive pathway. Developmental Psychology, 54(2), 385-396. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000419
Sadikaj, G., Moskowitz, D. S., & Zuroff, D. C. (2017). Negative affective reaction to partner’s dominant behavior influences satisfaction with romantic relationship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 34(8), 1324-1346. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407516677060
Saltalı, N. D., & İmir, H. M. (2018). Parenting styles as a predictor of the preschool children’s social behaviours. Participatory Educational Research, 5(2), 18-37.      http://dx.doi.org/10.17275/per.18.10.5.2
Shimek, C., & Bello, R. (2014). Coping with break-ups: Rebound relationships and gender socialization. Social Sciences3(1), 24-43.  https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci3010024
Slotter, E. B., Gardner, W. L., & Finkel, E. J. (2009). Who am i without you? The influence of romantic breakup on the self-concept. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(2), 147-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167209352250
Suppes, B. (2021). Using self-compassion to influence romantic relationship satisfaction: a case study of women. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 33(3), 244-269.  https://doi.org/10.1080/08952833.2021.1880185
Taklavi, S., Ramezani, M. (2019). Comparison of emotional failure and Dark Triad (DT) in women with and without addiction potentiality. Journal of Research on Addiction, 13(53), 285-300. http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-1885-fa.html (in Persian)
Tandler, N., Krüger, M., & Petersen, L.-E. (2021). Better battles by a self-compassionate partner? The mediating role of personal conflict resolution styles in the association between self-compassion and satisfaction in romantic relationships. Journal of Individual Differences, 42(2), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000333
Vaterlaus, J. M., Tulane, S., Porter, B. D., & Beckert, T. E. (2018). The perceived influence of media and technology on adolescent romantic relationships. Journal of Adolescent Research, 33(6), 651-671. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558417712611
Verhallen, A. M., Renken, R. J., Marsman, J-B. C., & ter Horst, G. J. (2019). Romantic relationship breakup: An experimental model to study effects of stress on depression (-like) symptoms. PLoS ONE, 14(5), e0217320. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217320
 
دوره 14، شماره 2
1402
صفحه 39-68
  • تاریخ دریافت: 09 آذر 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 دی 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 بهمن 1400
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 17 تیر 1402
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 مرداد 1402