The Investigation of Aging and Brain Damage on Cognitive-Communicative Mind Functions in Discourse Understanding: A Neurolinguistics Study

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of English Language and Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch, Kermanshah, Iran.

2 Department of English and Linguistics, Faculty of Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran.

3 Department of English Language and Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch, Kermanshah, Iran.

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to assess cognitive-communicative abilities in healthy young and elderly individuals, as well as patients with right hemisphere damage (RHD). The nature of this quantitative study’s methodology was casual-comparative. In Persian, 18 RHDs aged 53 to 75 (7 females and 11 males) and 54 healthy individuals aged 30 to 45, 45 to 60, and 60 to 75 who resided in Tehran in 2021 were evaluated. The subjects were selected using a method of convenience sampling. The Selective Attention Test (SAT), the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), the Bedside version of Persian WAB (P-WAB-1), the Ironic Process Test (IPT), and the . SPSS version 25 was used to conduct a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the data. On memory, selective attention, semantic judgment, proverb perception, and irony perception tests, the functional difference between RHDs and healthy individuals is statistically significant (P< 0.05)Memory and selective attention evaluations reveal a statistically significant (P<0.05) functional difference between the healthy 60-75-year-olds and the two healthy 30-45 and 45-60-year-old groups. In the ironic process test, the functional difference between the healthy group aged 60-75 and the healthy group aged 45-30 is significant (P<0.05). On the semantic judgment and proverb perception tests (P>0.05), there is no statistically significant difference between the 60-75-year-old healthy group and the 30-45 and 45-60-year-old healthy groups. Cognitive resources hypothesis can explain the poor communicative-cognitive test performance of RHDs compared to healthy individuals and the inferior performance of healthy elderly individuals compared to healthy younger individuals.
 
 

Keywords

References

امساکی، گ.، مولوی، ح. چیت‌ساز، ا.، موحد ابطحی، م.، و عسگری، ک. (1390). معرفی و بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی مقیاس ارزیابی شناختی مونترآل در بیماران مبتلا به پارکینسون. مجلۀ دانشکدۀ پزشکی اصفهان. 29(158)، 1615-1606.           https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_13553.html
بابایی، ز.، قیومی انارکی، ز.، طیرانی نیک‌نژاد، ح.، و حارث‌آبادی، ف. (1396). ویژگی‌های گفتمان روایتی در بزرگسالان فارسی‌زبان. نشریۀ علوم پیراپزشکی و توان‌بخشی مشهد. 6 (4)، 72-67. https://doi.org/10.22038/jpsr.2017.18625.1479
براهنی، م. (1385). مقیاس تجدیدنظرشدۀ حافظۀ وکسلر. شیراز: کوشامهر.
برجیان بروجنی، ن. (1393). مقایسۀ معنایی در بیماران بزرگسال مبتلا به آسیب گیجگاهی-آهیانه‌ای نیمکرۀ راست و چپ ناشی از سکتۀ مغزی. پایان‌نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد گفتاردرمانی. دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توان‌بخشی. تهران.
ترابی، م. (1398). ارزیابی مهارت‌های زبانی بیماران آسیب‌دیدۀ مغزی نیمکرۀ راست فارسی‌زبان بر پایۀ پروتکل ارزیابی مهارت‌های ارتباطی مونترال (پروتل ام. ای. سی.). رسالۀ دکتری زبان‌شناسی. پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی. تهران.
جمالی‌نیا، س. (1395). طراحی آزمایۀ درک ضرب‌المثل در بزرگسالان فارسی‌زبان و بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی آن. پایان‌نامۀ رسالۀ دکتری گفتاردرمانی. دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توان‌بخشی. تهران.
رقیب‌دوست، ش.، و مدرسی، ی. (1399). پروتکل ارزیابی مهارت‌های ارتباطی مونترال. تهران: دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
شکرآمیز، م.، و رقیب‌دوست، ش. (1394). درک اصطلاحات فارسی در بیماران زبان‌پریش. جستارهای زبانی. 6(6)، 200-185.         http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-8641-fa.html
قریشی، ز. س. (1381). بررسی مقایسه‌ای درک ضرب‌المثل، کلمات چندمعنی و معنای مجازی در بیماران ضایعۀ مغزی نیمکرۀ راست و چپ بزرگسالان عادی. پایان‌نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد گفتاردرمانی. دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توان‌بخشی. تهران.
علی‌پور، ا.، و آگاه هریس، م. (1386). بررسی قابلیت اعتماد و اعتبار پرسشنامۀ دست برتری ادینبورگ در ایران. مجلۀ علوم روان‌شناختی. 117، 133-122. https://www.magiran.com/volume/90156
محمدی‌ثابت، و.، یادگاری، ف.، و فروغان، م. (1395). بررسی روانی واجی و روانی معنایی در سالمندان سالم فارسی‌زبان. مجلۀ سالمند. 11(2)، 299-290. http://dx.doi.org/0.21859/sija-1102290
معصومی، ن.، جفرودی، ش.، قنبری، ع.، ابراهیمی، س. م.، کاظم‌نژاد، ا.، شجاعی، ف.، و شرفی، س. ف. (1392). بررسی وضعیت شناختی سالمندان و عوامل مرتبط با آن در شهر رشت. مجلۀ پژوهش پرستاری ایران. 8(29)، 86-80.      
http://ijnr.ir/article-1-1202-fa.html
نیلی‌پور، ر. (1390). زبان‌شناسی و آسیب‌شناسی زبان. تهران: هرمس.
نیلی‌پور، ر.، عباس‌پور، ش.، قریشی، ز.، و یوسفی، ع. (1394). بررسی اعتبار و روایی آزمون زبان‌پریشی زبان فارسی. مجلۀ سالمندی ایران. 10(4)، 191-182. http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-835-fa.html
هادوی، ش.، قربانی. ع.، کمالی، م.، شهیدی، غ.، صفاریان، ا.، و دلفانی، س. (1396). درک جملات کنایه‌آمیز در بیماران فارسی‌زبان مبتلا به پارکینسون. مجلۀ علوم پیراپزشکی و توان‌بخشی. 6 (4)، 39-31.           https://doi.org/10.22038/jpsr.2017.17549.1441
یادگاری، ف. (1393). مجموعه آزمایه‌های کنش‌پریشی دهانی و کلامی برای بزرگسالان. تهران: دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توان‌بخشی.
References
Babaiy, Z., Ghayoumi-Anaraki, Z., Tayarani Niknezhad, H., & Haresabadi. (2017). Narrative discourse characteristics Persian speaking adults. Journal of Paramedical Science and Rehabilitation (JPSR), 6, 67-72. https://doi.org/10.22038/jpsr.2017.18625.1479 (In Persain)
Barker, M. S., Young, B., & Robinson, G. A. (2017). Cohesive and coherent connected speech deficits in mild stroke. Brain and Language, 168, 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2017.01.004
Bartels-Tobin, L. R., & Hinckley, J. J. (2005). Cognition and discourse production in right hemisphere disorder. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 18(6), 461–477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jneuroling.2005.04.001
Berhini, M. (2006). Revised Wechsler Memory Scale. Shiraz: Kushamehr. (In Persain)
Bernard, F., Lemée, J.-M., Minassian, A. T., & Menei, P. (2018). Right hemisphere cognitive functions: From clinical and anatomic bases to brain mapping during awake craniotomy part I: Clinical and functional anatomy. World Neurosurgery, 118, 348-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.05.024
Blake, M. L. (2009). Inferencing Processes after Right Hemisphere Brain Damage: Maintenance of Inferences. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 52(2), 359–372. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2009/07-0012)
Blatt-Eisengart, I., & Lachman, M. E. (2004). Attributions for memory performance in adulthood: Age differences and mediation effects. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 11(1), 68–79.       https://doi.org/10.1076/anec.11.1.68.29364
Borjian Borujeni, N. (2014) Semantic comparison in adult patients with temporal injury- parietal right and left hemispheres caused by stroke. Speech Therapy Dissertation. University of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences. Tehran. (In Persian)
Bowen, R. L., & Atwood, C. S. (2004). Living and dying for sex. A theory of aging based on the modulation of cell cycle signaling by reproductive hormones. Gerontology, 50(5), 265-290.     https://doi.org/10.1159/000079125
Brookshire, R. H., & McNeil, M. R. (2014). Introduction to Neurogenic Communication Disorders. E-Book, Elsevier Health Sciences.
Burke, D. M., & Shafto, M. A. (2008). Language and aging. In F. I. M. Craik & T. A. Salthouse (Eds.), The handbook of aging and cognition (pp. 373–443). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
Caplan, D. (1992). Language: Structure, processing and disorders. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Cheang, H, S. & Pell, M, D. (2006). A study of humour and communicative intention followingright hemisphere stroke. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 20(6), 447–462.   https://doi.org/10.1080/02699200500135684
 Chou, T.-L., Booth, J. R., Burman, D. D., Bitan, T., Bigio, J. D., & Lu, D. (2006). Developmental changes in the neural correlates of semantic processing. NeuroImage, 29(4), 1141–1149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.09.064
Connor, L. (2001). Memory in old age: Patterns of decline and preservation. Seminars in Speech and Language, 22(2), 117–125. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-13936
Emsaki, G., Molavi, H., Chitsaz, A., Movahed Abtahi, M., & Asgari, K. (2011). Psychometric properties of the montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) in parkinson's disease patients in Isfahan. Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 29(158), 1606-1615.  https://jims.mui.ac.ir/article_13553.html?lang=en (in Persian).
Ferré, P., & Joanette, Y. (2016). Communication abilities following right hemisphere damage: Prevalence, evaluation, and profiles. ASHA, 1(2), 106-115.    https://doi.org/10.1044/persp1.SIG2.106
Ghoreishi, Z. S. (2002). Comparison of understanding proverb, multiple meaning words and figurative meaning in patient with left and right hemisphere lesion and normal adults. Speech Therapy Thesis. University of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences. Tehran. (In Persian)
Hadavi, SH., Ghorbani, A., Kamali. M., Shahidi, GH., Saffarian. A., & Delfani, S. (2017). Sarcastic Sentences Comprehension in Persian Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Healthy Subjects. Journal of Paramedical Science and Rehabilitation (JPSR), 6(4), 31-39.         https://doi.org/10.22038/jpsr.2017.17549.1441 (In Persian)
https://iransanjeh.com/
https://store.agahpadidar.com/Product/Details/2361
Jamalinia, S. (2016). Designing a proverbial perception test in Persian-speaking adults and examining its psychometric properties. Linguistics Dissertation. Ministry of Science, Research & Technology. Tehran. (In Persian)
Joanette Y., & Goulet, P. (1998). Right hemisphere and the semantic processing of words: Is the contribution specific or not? In E. Visch-Brink (Ed.), Linguistic levels in aphasia, San Diego: Singular Publishing Group Inc.
Kuhl, P. K. (2010). Brain mechanisms in early language acquisition. Neuron, 67(5), 713–727.     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.038
LaPointe, L. (1997). Aphasia and related neurogenic communication disorders. New York: Thieme.
Maniscalco, B., McCurdy, L., Odegaard, B., & Lau, H. (2017). Limited Cognitive Resources Explain a Trade-Off between Perceptual and Metacognitive Vigilance. Journal of Neuroscience, 37(5), 1213-1224. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2271-13.2016
Masoumi, N., Jafarudi, Sh., Ghanbari, A., Ebrahimi, S. M., Kazemnejad, A., Shujaei, F., & Sharfi, S. F. (2013). Assessment of cognitive status and related factors in elder people in Rasht. IJNR, 8(2), 80-86. http://ijnr.ir/article-1-1202-fa.html (In Persian)
Maxim, J. (1999). Aging and language. In: F. Fabbro (Ed.). Concise encyclopedia of speech language pathology. Oxford: Elsevier.
Mohammadisabet, V., Yadegari, F., & Foroughan, M. (2016). Verbal Fluency Performance in Normal Elderly Persian Speakers. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing, 11(2), 290-299.         http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1067-fa.html (In Persian) 
Monetta, L., & Joanette, Y. (2003). The specificity of the contribution of the right hemisphere to verbal communication: The cognitive resources hypothesis. Journal of Speech Language Pathology, 11(4), 203–211.
Monetta, L., Ouellet-Plamondon, C., & Joanette, Y. (2006). Simulating the pattern of righthemisphere-damaged patients for the processing of the alternative metaphorical meanings of words: Evidence in favor of a cognitive resource’s hypothesis. Brain and Language, 96(2), 171–177.     https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2004.10.014
Nasreddine, Z. S., Phillips, N. A., Bédirian, V., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., Cummings, J. L., & Chertkow, H. (2005). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(4), 695–699. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x
Nilipour, R. (2011). Linguistics and pathology of language. Tehran: Hermes. (In Persian)
Nilipour, R., Pour Shahbaz, A., Ghoreishi, Z. S., & Yousefi, A. (2016). Reliability and Validity of Persian Aphasia Battery Test. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing; 10(4), 182-191.    http://salmandj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-835-fa.html (In Persian)
Oldfield R. C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9(1), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4
Parola, A., Gabbatore, I., Bosco, F. M., Bara, B. G., Cossa, F. M., & Gindri, P. (2016). Assessment of pragmatic impairment in right hemisphere damage. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 39, 10-25.         https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2015.12.003
Patael, S. Z., Borodkin, K., & Faust, M. (2018). Developmental changes in hemispheric processing of ambiguous words during adolescence. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 47, 50-58.   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2018.02.007
Rabbitt, P., & Lowe, C. (2006). Patterns of cognitive ageing. Psychological Research, 63(3-4), 308-316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004269900009
Rainville, P., Goulet, P., & Joanette, Y. (1995). Contribution of the right hemisphere to the processing of concrete words. Clinical Aphasiology, 23, 207-216. http://aphasiology.pitt.edu/201/1/23-17.pdf
Raqibdoost, Sh., & Modaresi. Y. (2020). The Montreal Protocol for the Evaluation of Communication (MEC Protocol). Tehran. Publisher: Allameh Tabataba’i University. (In Persian)
Shokramiz, M., & Raqibdoost, Sh. (2015). Idiom comprehension in Persian aphasic patients. Language Related Research, 6(6), 185-200. http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-8641-fa.html (in Persian)
Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643–662. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054651
Tagliabue, C. F., & Mazza, V. (2021). What can neural activity tell us about cognitive resources in aging? Frontiers in psychology, 12, 753423. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.753423
Thornton, R., & Light, L. L. (2006). Language comprehension and production in normal aging. In J. E. Birren & Schaie K.W. (Ed.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (pp. 261–287). San Diego CA: Academic Press.
Tompkins, C. A. (1995). Right hemisphere communication disorders: Theory and management. San Diego: Singular Publishing Group, Inc.
Torabi, M. H. (2019). Evaluation of Linguistic Skills of Right-Brain-Damaged PersianSpeaking Patients Based on the Montreal Protocol for the Evaluation of Communication (MEC Protocol). Linguistics Dissertation. Ministry of Science, Research & Technology. Tehran. (In Persian)
Verhaeghen, P. (2003). Aging and vocabulary score: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 18(2), 332–339. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0882-7974.18.2.332
Weiner, F. F., Ketzenberger, K. E., & Byrns, G. (2013). American speech‐language‐hearing association. Encyclopedia of Special Education: A Reference for the Education of Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Disabilities and Other Exceptional Individuals. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 1529, The 2nd Joint International Conference on Emerging Computing Technology and Sports (JICETS) 2019 25-27 November 2019, Bandung, Indonesia.
Wingfield, A., & Tun, P. (2001). Spoken language comprehension in older adults: Interactions between sensory and cognitive change in normal aging. Seminars in Hearing, 22(3), 287–301.        http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-15632
Wright, H. H. (2016). Cognition, Language and Aging. E-Book, John Benjamins Publishing. Amsterdam / Philadelphia Company.
Yadegari, F. (2011). Oral and verbal apraxia tasks for adults. Publisher: University of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences. Tehran. (In Persian)
Journal of Applied Psychological Research
Volume 14, Issue 2
2023
Pages 257-277

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 21 September 2021
  • Revise Date: 15 January 2022
  • Accept Date: 06 February 2022
  • First Publish Date: 07 August 2023
  • Publish Date: 07 August 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics