Mental Health Problems Scale for Adolescents- Parent Report: Development and Preliminary Technical Properties

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Social Communications Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.

4 Ph.D. in Management, Department of Judicial System, Tehran, Iran

5 M.A. in International Law, Preventive Department of Judicial System, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

This research aimed to develop a scale for adolescent psychological health problems (APHP). The population consisted of parents of high school pupils in six provinces in 2016: Alborz, Kermanshah, East Azarbaijan, Sistan and Baluchistan, Fars, and Razavi Khorasan. For each province, two cities (the provincial center and a low-income city) were selected on purpose. The selection of six institutions in each city was based on a random sampling method, and the selection of parents was based on available sampling. There were 308 parents in the sample, including 195 mothers and 111 fathers. After the data were collected, they were input into the 18th version of the statistical software for social sciences (SPSS). 133 items were examined for their adequacy using seven indicators (mean, standard deviation, standard skew, standard kurtosis, deletion alpha coefficient, multiple correlation, and correlation coefficient with total score) during item analysis. The item analysis revealed that the majority of objects possessed appropriate properties. Exploratory factor analysis of the coefficient revealed six factors that explain 42% of the variance. Internal homogeneity coefficients for the subscales ranged from 0.78 (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) to 0.95 (deficit in assignments and self-control) and 0.95 for the full scale. The results indicated that the preliminary version of the instrument has adequate psychometric properties.
 
 

Keywords


اکبری زردخانه، س.، آل‌بویه، م.، زنگانه، ع. م.، منصورکیایی، ن.، جلالت دانش، م.، و مهدوی، م. (1396). نسخۀ گزارش والدین مقیاس سلامت روان‌شناختی کودکان: مطالعۀ مقدماتی ساخت و بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی. فصلنامۀ سلامت روان کودک. ۴(۴)، 164-۱۵۲.
اکبری زردخانه، س.، زنگانه، ع. م.، منصور کیایی، ن، مهدوی، م.، اصانلو، ش.، جلالت دانش، م.، طهماسبی گرمتانی، س.، زارعیان، م.، و طیموری‌فرد، س. ع. (1397). ساخت و بررسی روایی و اعتبار مقیاس مقدماتی خودگزارشی مشکلات سلامت روان‌شناختی نوجوانان در ایران. مجلۀ پژوهش در سلامت روان‌شناختی. 12(4). 109-94.
اکبری زردخانه، س.، شاهورانی، س. م.، منصورکیایی، ن. زنگانه، ع. م.، جلالت دانش، م.، طهماسبی گرمتانی، س.، و زارعیان، م. (1398). ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی نسخۀ الکترونیکی ابزار سلامت روان‌شناختی دانش‌آموزان دورۀ متوسطۀ یکم: فرم گزارش معلم و والدین. مجلۀ روانپزشکی و روانشناسی بالینی ایران. 24(3)، 339-324. http://rph.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3353-fa.html
خدایاری‌فرد، م.، اکبری زردخانه، س.، و زینالی، ش. (1390). استانداردسازی مقیاس خودگویی برای جمعیت دانشجویی ایرانی. مجلۀ پژوهش‌های کاربردی روان‌شناختی، 2(2)، 53-33.
خدایاری‌فرد، م.، اکبری زردخانه، س.، پاک‌نژاد، م.، غباری بناب، ب.، شکوهی یکتا، م.، فقیهی، ع. ن.، افروز، غ. ع.، رحیمی‌نژاد، ع.، آذربایجانی، م.، باقری نوع‌پرست، خ.، آ نرسیسیانس، آر. بی.، حمامی لاله‌زار، ی.، خلیلی، ش.، سراج زاده، س. ح.، نوربخش، ی.، فاطمی، س. م.، کثیری، ح.، قیامی، ز.، پورحسین، ر.، و هومن، ح. ع. (1395). ساخت مقیاس بین‌المللی دینداری با رویکرد مقیاس بین‌فرهنگی. مجلۀ روان‌شناسی. 20(1)، 20-3.
خوشابی، ک.، مرادی، ش.، شجاعی، س.، همتی علمدارلو، ق.، دهشیری، غ.، و عیسی‌مراد، ا. (1386). بررسی میزان شیوع اختلالات رفتاری در دانش‌آموزان دورۀ ابتـدایی استان ایلام. نشریۀ توان‌بخشی. 8، 33-28.
دادستان، پ. (1389). روانشناسی مرضی تحولی: از کودکی تا بزرگسالی. جلد 1. چاپ یازدهم. تهران: سمت.
دستجرکاووسی، ز. (1390). بررسی همه‌گیرشناسی اختلال‌های رفتاری کودکان در مدارس ابتدایی شهر همدان. پایان‌نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی بالینی. چاپ‌نشده، دانشکدۀ توان‌بخشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران.
سرمد، ز.، بازرگان، ع.، و حجازی، ا. (1384). روزهای تحقیق در علوم رفتاری. تهران: آگاه.
شهابیان، آ.، شهیم، س.، بشاش، ل.، و یوسفی، ف. (1386). هنجاریابی، تحلیل‌عاملی و پایایی فرم کوتاه ویژۀ والدین مقیاس درجه‌بندی کانرز برای کودکان 6 تا 11 ساله در شهر شیراز. مطالعات روان‌شناختی. 3(3)، 120-97. https://doi.org/10.22051/psy.2007.1704
رئیس‌زاده، ح. (1390). بررسی میزان همه‌گیرشناسی اختلالات روانی در دانش‌آموزان مقطع راهنمایی منطقۀ اهر. پایان‌نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد. چاپ‌نشده، پردیس آموزش‌های نیمه‌حضوری دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
معروفی، ی.، یوسف‌زاده، م. ر.، و بخشکار، ف. (1391). رابطۀ بین مهارت‌های تفکر انتقادی و سلامت روانی دانش‌آموزان دختر دورۀ پیش‌دانشگاهی شهر همدان. مجلۀ دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان. 19(1)، 61-53.
منادی، ح. (۱۳۹۰). بررسی میزان شیوع اختلال‌های رفتاری در دانش‌آموزان دورۀ ابتدایی شهر اصفهان. پایان‌نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره. چاپ‌نشده، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی دانشگاه اصفهان.
References
Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles: An integrated system of multi-informant assessment Burlington, VT: University of Vermont. Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families, 1617. https://www.worldcat.org/title/Manual-for-the-ASEBA-school-age-forms-and-profiles-:-an-integrated-system-of-multi-informant-assessment/oclc/53902766
Akbari-Zardkhaneh, S., Alebuieh, M., Zanganeh, A., Mansurkiaie, N., Jallalat-Danesh, M., & Mahdavi, M. (2018). Parent Form of Psychological Pathology for Children: Preliminary Study of Development and Psychomentric Properties. Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health, 4(4), 152-164.
http://childmentalhealth.ir/article-1-263-fa.html (In Persian)
Akbari Zardkhane, S., Mansour Kimiaei, N., Mohammad Zanganeh, A., Mahdavi, M., Osanlou, Sh., Jalalat Danesh, M., …, Taymori Fard, S. E. (2019). Development and psychometric properties of preliminary version of mental health scale (self-report form) for adolescents in Iran. Journal of Research in Psycholofical Health, 12(4), 94-109. http://rph.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3353-fa.html (In Persian)
Akbari Zardkhane, S., Shahorani, S. M., Mansour Kiaei, N., Zanganeh, A. M., Jalalat Danesh, M., Tahmasabi, S., & Zareian, M. (2018). Psychometric properties of electronic mental health assessment device for high school students: Teacher and parent form. IJPCP, 24(3), 324-339.
http://ijpcp.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2819-fa.html (In Persian)
Barrett, S., Eber, L., & Weist, M. D. (2013). Advancing Education Effectiveness. University of Oregon. https://iod.unh.edu/sites/default/files/media/2021-10/isfmonographfordistribution.pdf
Bosqui, T. J., Maguire, A., Kouvonen, A., Wright, D., Donnelly, M., & O’Reilly, D. (2017). Ethnic density and risk of mental ill health–The case of religious sectarianism in Northern Ireland: A population data linkage study. Health & Place47, 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.06.010
Bradley, R., Doolittle, J., & Bartolotta, R. (2008). Building on the data and adding to the discussion: The experiences and outcomes of students with emotional disturbance. Journal of Behavioral Education17(1), 4-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-007-9058-6
Cattell, R. B. (1978). The Scientific Use of Factor Analysis. New York: Plenum. https://scirp.org/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=1507452
Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A first course in factor analysis. Hillsdale. NJ, Lawrence Eribaum Associates. Inc., Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315827506
Conners, C. K., Sitarenios, G., Parker, J. D., & Epstein, J. N. (1998). The revised Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS-R): factor structure, reliability, and criterion validity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology26(4), 257-268. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022602400621
Dadsetan, P. (2023). Developmental psychopathology: From infancy through adulthood. Tehran: Samt. https://samt.ac.ir/fa/book/1467/ (In Persian)
Dastjerkavossi, Z. (2011). Epidemiological study of children's behavioral disorders in primary schools of Hamadan city. Master’s Thesis in Clinical Psychology. Unpublished, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. (In Persian)
Dose, C., Hautmann, C., & Doepfner, M. (2019). Functional impairment in children with externalizing behavior disorders: psychometric properties of the Weiss functional impairment rating scale–parent report in a German clinical sample. Journal of Attention Disorders23(13), 1546-1556. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054716661234
Dowdy, E., Ritchey, K., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2010). School-based screening: A population-based approach to inform and monitor children’s mental health needs. School Mental Health2(4), 166-176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-010-9036-3
Gesell, A. (1928). Infancy and human growth. Oxford. England: Macmillan.
Gianarris, W. J., Golden, C. J., & Greene, L. (2001). The conners'parent rating scales: A critical review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review21(7), 1061-1093. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(00)00085-4
Gold, L., Black, Q. C., & Baldwin, S. (2009). Defining adolescent behaviour disorder: An overview. Journal of Adolescence21(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1997.0125
Goodman, R. (1997). The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry38(5), 581-586. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x
Goyette, C. H., Conners, C. K., & Ulrich, R. F. (1978). Normative data on revised Conners parent and teacher rating scales. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology6(2), 221-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00919127
Gulliksen, H. (1950). Theory of mental tests. New York: Wiley.
Hambleton, R. K. (1989). Principles and selected applications of item response theory. In R. L. Linn (Ed.), Educational measurement (3rd ed., pp. 147–200). Washington, DC: American Council on Education. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1989-97348-004
Haunt, R. A. Marshal, D. (2010). Social psychology: Understanding human interaction. Greenwich: JAI Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1986-98707-000
Hester, P. P., Hendrickson, J. M., & Gable, R. A. (2009). Forty years later—The value of praise, ignoring, and rules for preschoolers at risk for behavior disorders. Education and Treatment of Children32(4), 513-535. https://doi.org/10.1353/etc.0.0067
Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika30(2), 179-185. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289447
Howell, D. C. (2009). Statistical methods for psychology (7th Ed.). Australia: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291575
Khodayarifard, M., Akbari-e-Zardkhane, S., Paknejad, M., Ghobari Bonab, B., Shokohi-Yekta, M., Naghi Faghihi, A., & et al. (2016). Development of an International Scale of Religiosity: A Cross Cultural Approach. Journal of Psychology, 20, 3-20. http://www.iranapsy.ir/Article/21273/FullText. (In Persian)
Khodayarifard, M., Akbari Zardkhaneh, M., & Zeinali, Sh. (2011). The psychometric properties of self-talk scale among Iranian University Student. Applied Psychological Research Quarterly, 2(1), 33-53. https://japr.ut.ac.ir/?lang=en (In Persian)
Khoushabi, K., Moradi, S., Shojaei, S., Hemmati-A'lamdarlou, G., Dehshiri, G R., & Issa-Morad, A. (2007). The Evaluation of Behavioral Disorder Prevalence in Ilam Province Primary Students. Archive of Rehabiliation, 8, 28-33. http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-126-fa.html (In Persian)
Livingston, S. A., & Dorans, N. J. (2004). A graphical approach to item analysis (Research Report No. RR-04-10). Princeton: ducational Testing Service. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1110914.pdf
Lord, F.M. and Novick, M.R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park. https://www.scirp.org/(S(i43dyn45teexjx455qlt3d2q))/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1273114
Maroofi, Y., Yousefzadeh, M., Bakhshkar, F. (2012). Relationship between Female Pre -University Students' Critical Thinking Skills and Their Mental Health. Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine, 19(1), 53-61
http://sjh.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-202-fa.html (In Persian)
McLeod, J. D., & Kaiser, K. (2004). Childhood emotional and behavioral problems and educational attainment. American Sociological Review69(5), 636-658. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240406900502
Merikangas, K. R., He, J. P., Burstein, M., Swendsen, J., Avenevoli, S., Case, B., Georgiades, K., Heaton, L., Swanson, S., & Olfson, M. (2011). Service utilization for lifetime mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: results of the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry50(1), 32–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.10.006
Merikangas, K. R., He, J. P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., Benjet, C., Georgiades, K., & Swendsen, J. (2010). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication--Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry49(10), 980–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.017
Mitchell, M. L., & Jolley, J. M. (2004). Research design explained (5th ed). Victoria: Wadsworth Publisher. https://psikologi.unmuha.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Research-Design-Explained.pdf
Monadi, H. (1390). Investigating the prevalence of behavioral disorders in Isfahan elementary school students. Master's thesis in counseling, unpublished, Faculty of Psychology, University of Isfahan. (In Persian)
Moses, T. (2017). A Review of Developments and Applications in Item Analysis. In: Bennett, R., von Davier, M. (eds) Advancing Human Assessment. Methodology of Educational Measurement and Assessment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58689-2_2
Moses, T., Miao, J., & Dorans, N. J. (2010). A Comparison of Strategies for Estimating Conditional DIF. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 35(6), 726–743. https://doi.org/10.3102/1076998610379135
Nunnally, J. C. (1994). Psychometric theory 3E. New York, NY: Tata McGraw-hill education https://www.scirp.org/(S(351jmbntvnsjt1aadkozje))/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=2906386
Piaget, J., & Inhelder, B. (2013). The growth of logical thinking from childhood to adolescence: An essay on the construction of formal operational structures (Vol. 84). Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/The-Growth-Of-Logical-Thinking-From-Childhood-To-Adolescence-AN-ESSAY-ON/iaget-Inhelder-Brbel/p/book/9780415864442
Raiszadeh, H. (2011). Investigating the level of epidemiology of mental disorders in middle school students of Ahr region. Master's thesis, unpublished, part-time education campus of Allameh Tabatabai University. https://elmnet.ir/article/10517014-12996. (In Persian)
Robins, L. N. (1978). Psychiatric epidemiology. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35(6), 697–702. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1001/archpsyc.1978.01770300039003
Sarmad, Z., Bazargan, A., & Hijazi, A. (2005). Research methods in behavioral sciences. Tehran: Agah. (In Persian)
Sellers, R., Maughan, B., Pickles, A., Thapar, A., & Collishaw, S. (2015). Trends in parent‐and teacher‐rated emotional, conduct and ADHD problems and their impact in prepubertal children in G reat B ritain: 1999–2008. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry56(1), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12273
Shahabian, A., Shahim, S., Bashash, L., & Yousefi, F. (2007). Normization, factor analysis and reliability of short form for parents of Conners rating scale for children aged 6 to 11 in Shiraz city. Journal of Psychological Studies, 3(3), 97-120. https://doi.org/10.22051/psy.2007.1704 (In Persian)
Splett, J. W., Smith-Millman, M., Raborn, A., Brann, K. L., Flaspohler, P. D., & Maras, M. A. (2018). Student, teacher, and classroom predictors of between-teacher variance of students’ teacher-rated behavior. School Psychology Quarterly33(3), 460. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000241
Storch, E. A., McGuire, J. F., Wu, M. S., Hamblin, R., McIngvale, E., Cepeda, S. L., ... & Goodman, W. K. (2019). Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Second Edition. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry58(1), 92–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.05.029
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5, pp. 481-498). Boston, MA: Pearson. https://www.scirp.org/(S(351jmbntvnsjt1aadkozje))/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=3203874
Tukey, J. W. (1977). Exploratory Data Analysis. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-0-387-32833-1_136
Turner, N. E. (1998). The effect of common variance and structure pattern on random data eigenvalues: Implications for the accuracy of parallel analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement58(4), 541-568. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131644980580040
Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. L. (2015). The Body Appreciation Scale-2: item refinement and psychometric evaluation. Body Image12, 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.09.006
XU, Zheng-long. (2011). Analysis on the mental health status and its related factors of the grade one senior high school students in the key high schools in Zhangjiagang. Jiangsu Journal of Preventive Medicine. https://typeset.io/papers/analysis-on-the-mental-health-status-and-its-related-factors-pt6yet0j14
 
Volume 14, Issue 2
2023
Pages 317-331
  • Receive Date: 17 August 2021
  • Revise Date: 16 December 2021
  • Accept Date: 27 December 2021
  • First Publish Date: 22 August 2023
  • Publish Date: 22 August 2023