Journal of Applied Psychological Research

Efficacy of Combined Package of Time Perspective and Mindfulness on the Academic Motivation and Psychological Well-Being of Students with Learned Helplessness

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

PARVIZ GHANBARI 1
mozhgan arefi 2
MOHAMMAD ALI NADI 3

1 PhD student in educational psychology, Isfahan branch (Khorasgan), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran.

3 Associate Professor and faculty member of Psychology Department, Isfahan branch (Khorasgan), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.22059/japr.2026.356840.644575
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of combined package of time perspective and mindfulness on the academic motivation and psychological well-being of students with learned helplessness. The present study was semi experimental (with experimental and control groups) with three-stage (pretest, posttest, follow-up) and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population of the present study included students suffering from learned helplessness in the second year of high school in Isfahan city in the academic year of 2020-21. 34 student with the learned helplessness were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental (18 students) and control groups (16 students). The experimental group received 12 ninty-five-minute sessions of combined package of time perspective and mindfulness during twelve weeks. The applied questionnaires included Learned Helplessness Questionnaire (Quinless, Nelson, 1988) (LHS), Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (Ryff, 1986) (PWBQ) and Academic Motivation Scale (Vallerand et al, 1992) (AMS). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA method via SPSS23 software. The results showed that package of time perspective and mindfulness has significant effect on the academic motivation (F=38.46; Eta=0.54; P<0001) and psychological well-being (F=52.99; Eta=0.62; P<0001) of the students with learned helplessness.

Keywords

Time perspective
mindfulness
academic motivation
psychological well-being
learned helplessness
Journal of Applied Psychological Research

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 26 July 2026

  • Receive Date 16 March 2023
  • Revise Date 29 April 2023
  • Accept Date 12 November 2023
  • First Publish Date 26 July 2026
  • Publish Date 26 July 2026