Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral intervention training in decreasing the Students test anxiety and Shyness

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

lorestan university

Abstract

The current study is done with the purpose of studying the effectiveness behavioral-cognitive intervention training in decreasing the Students test anxiety and shyness. The present study was a qasi-experimental method with pre-test/post test with a controlled group. Statistical population included first grade high school students of Khorramabad city who were studying in the educational year 95-96. sample of this study was composed of 30 students who were selected with multi-stage random sampling method, and were placed in two experimental groups and control groups(each consisted of 15 persons). Research tools included test anxiety questionnaire (TAQ) Sarason (1960) and shyness questionnaire (SQ) Cheek & Buss (1983). Data using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate analysis of covariance) were analyzed. Research results show that education cognitive-behavioral intervention training decreases Test anxiety and Shyness in the students (F-72/63, P<0/001). So cognitive-behavioral intervention due to the decrease in students a passion Test anxiety and Shyness and holding periods is one of the necessities of research in this area is recommended.

Keywords


Abolghasemi A. (1995). Construction and validation of test  anxiety questionnaire [dissertation]. Ahvaz: Chamran University;  [Persian].
Adamrita, C.S. (2010). The effects of gestalt and  cognitive- behavioral therapy group intervention on the assertiveness and self– steem of women with physical disabilities facing abuse. In partial fulfillment of requirementsfor the degree of Doctor of philosophy,Wayne State University.
Afrooz, G. (1997). Psychology of shyness and treatment. Tehran:Islamic culturee. (Persian(
Alfano CA, Beidel DC, Turner SM. (2002). Cognition in childhood anxiety: conceptual, methodological, and developmental issues. J Clin Paychol Rev, 22:1209-38.
Amirimajd, M., Shahmoradi, A. (2010). The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Reducing Student's Test Anxiety, Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 1, 53-64.
Arkin RM, Appelman AJ, Burger JM. (1980). Social anxiety, self-presentation, and the self-serving bias in causal attribution. J Personal Soc Psychol, 38:23-35. 
Askarnia, R. (2001). The Effect of  game Therapy  with Cognitive Behavioral approach on Shyness in Children 1 to 6 Year, Thesis Master of Clinical Psychology. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (Persian)
Ataei-Nakhaei, A.,Ghanbari-Hashemabadi, H. B., & Modarese- Gharavi, M. (2010). Comparing group therapy based on comprehensive consciousness together with training studying skills in decreasing test anxiety and qualification anxiety, Journal of Clinical Psychological, 1(4), 21-30. (Persian)
Bashirpour, M., Salimibajestani, H., Farahbakhsh, Q. (2012). Comparison of the effectiveness of group counseling based on existential and cognitive-behavioral approach on shyness in male students, Applied Psychological Research Quarterly, 14, 2, 51-60.(Persian)
Behpaju, A., Besharat, M., Ghobari, B., & fuladi, F. (2009). Influence of teaching cognitive behavioral strategies on decline test anxiety of high school girl students. Journalof Psychology&Education, 39 (1), 21-23. (Persian) 
Black A, Hersen M. (1999). Culture methods of medical treatment. Maher F, Ezadi S, translators. Tehran: Roshd Publication; [Persian].
Blankstain,K& Watson,M. (1992). Coping and academic solving ability in test anexiety. Journal of clinical psychology ,28(2),171-178.
Bruch MA, Belkin DK. (2001). Attributional style in shyness and depression: shared and specific maladaptive patterns. J Cognit Therap Res, 25:247-59.
Buss AH. (1980). Shyness and sociability.J Personal Soc Psychol, 41:330-9.
Cheek JM, Buss AH. (1981). Shyness and socialbility. J Personal Soc Psychol, 41:330-9.
Cheek JM, Buss AH. (2006). Shyness and sociability. J Personal Soc Psychol, 4:330-9. 
Ellis A. Reason and emotion in psychotherapy. NewYork: Lyle Stuart; 1962.
Francini PM. (2004). The Effects of time constraint on test performance in an 8-Arm virtual reality maz in high and low test-anxious college students. [Thesis]. Anselm: Department of Psychology at saint Colleg
Goldfried M, Davison GC.(2000). Clinical behavior. Rineh Art, 20:215-20.
Hakimzadeh, R., Masoudlavasani, Gh., Norozi, S. (2014). The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Training on Student Procrastination, Journal of Psychological Applications Research, 4, 5, 81-88.
Heiser NA, Turner SM, Beidel DC. (2003). Shyness: Relationship to social phobia and other psychiatric disorders. Behav Res Therap, 41:209-21.
Henderson L, Zimbardo P. (1988).Encyclopedia of mental health. San Diego: Acade-mic Press.
Jaafari, A. (2012). The effect of Cognitive behavioral therapy on the shyness of primary school children, Journal of Educational Psychology, 3, 1, 15-29. (Persian)
Jones WH, Briggs SR, Smith TG. (1986). Shyness: Conceptualization and measureement. J Personal Soc Psychol1, 51:629-39.
Kazemian-Moghadam, K., Mehrabizadeh-Honarmand, M., & Sudani, M. (2008). Investigating the effectiveness of systematic desensitization on test anxiety and academic performance by controlling the order of birth in third grade girl students of secondary school of Behbahan city. Journal of New Thoughts on Education, 4(3), 55- 78. (Persian)
Keogh. E. ,Bond,F. W&Flaxman ,P. E(2006). Improving academic performance and mental Health through a stress management intervention: outcomes and medications of change. Journal ofBehavior research and therapy,44,330-357.
Keith F. (2007). Understand individual weaknesses and strengths. J Study Expect Soc Behav Health, 21:634-8.
Kendall.P.C , & Braswell, L (1985). Cognitive behavioral therapy for impulsive children. New York : Guilford Prees. 
Kendall, Philip C. (2007). The role of self-Statements as a mediator in treatment for youth with anxiety disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 75(3), 380–389. 
Kendall. Philip C, Braswell. L. (1982). Cogkitive – behavioral self-control therapy for children: A components analysis, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol: 50, Issue 5, pp: 672 – 689.
Koydemir S, Demir A. (2008). Shyness and cognitions: An examination of Turkish university students. J Psychol, 142:633-44.
Latas M, Pantic M, Obradovic D. (2010). Analysis of test anxiety in medical students. Med Pregl  63(11-12): 863-6.
Lau, W., & Chan, C. (2010). Effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral treatment for childhood anxiety in community clinics. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(11), 1067.
Liger A. (2003). Comparison of two measures of perfectionism. Pers Individ Dif, 14:119-26 
Lizgic F, Akyuz G, Dogan O, Kugu N. (2004). Social phobia among university students and its relation to self-esteem and body image. Can J Psychiatry, 49:630-4.
Manis, F. R., Doi, L. M., & Bhadha, B. (2000). Naming speed, phonological awareness, and orthographic knowledge in second graders. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 33(4), 325–333. 
Markus HR, Kitayama S. (2003). Culture, self, and the reality of the social. Psychol Inquir, 14:277-83. 
F, Momeni, Sh, Shahidi, F, Mootabi, M, Heidar.(2017).  Comparison of the effectiveness between cognitive behavior therapy and mindfulness based cognitive therapy in mediator variables of generalized anxiety disorder, Applied Psychological Research Quarterly, 8(1),49-66. (Persian)
Morris LW, Engle WB. (2006). Psychodiagnostic processes: Personality interventions and scale assessing various coping strategies and their effects on test performance and anxiety. J Clin Psychol, 37(1):167-71.
Mosavi, M., Hagh-Shenas, H., Alishahi, M. J., & Najmi, B. (2008). Anxiety and personal factors-related to the social in high school students in Shiraz. Journal of Research in Behavioral Sciences, 6(1), 17-25.
Ramezani. H. (1994). Application of assertiveness training techniques in the treatment of Shyness and students' lack of certainty, Master's thesis, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
Rapee RM. (1998). Overcoming shyness and social phobia: A step-by-step guide. Northvale, NJ: Aronson.
Rapee RM, Heimberg RG. (1997). A cognitive behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behav Res Therap, 35:741-56.
Rastgo, H. (2002). relationship Shyness and attachment components to parents and peers in deaf and normal students, Master's Thesis, University of Tehran.
Persones, T. (2008). Test anxiety in high achieving students: A mixed-methods study. University of Alberta. 
Sarason I G, & Sarason BR. (1990). Test anxiety. In Leitenberg H. (Editor), Handbook of social and evaluative anxiety. New York: Plenum Press. 
Sarason , I.(1988). Anxiety , self preoccupation and attention. Routledge.
Sarver V. (2002). State and trait anxiety revisited. Anxiety Disord, 15:231-45. 
Schwebel AI, Fine MA. (1994). Understanding and helping families: A cognitive-behavioral approach. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Simos G. (2005). Cognitive behavioral therapy. Jalali A, translator. Tehran: Padra Publication. [Persian]
Sonsgiry S. (2006). Effect of students perceptions of course load on test anxiety. Am J Pharm Educa, 70(2):1-6.
Sorush, M. (2010). Effectiveness of group training of stress inoculationtrainingon the amountof testanxiety, attributional style and verbal aggression of juveniles girls in Isfahan.MA thesis, general psychology, Isfahan University, Iran.(Persian)
Spanos,N. P(2010). Cognitive activity and suggestions for analgesia in the reduction of anexiety. Journal of abnormal psychology , 84,644-681.
Spence SH. Don V, Brahman-Toussaint M. (2000). he treatment of children social phobia: The effectiveness of a social skills trainingbased, cognitive-behavioral intervention, with and without parental involvement. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip, 41:743-26.
Wallace ST, Alden LE. (1995). Social anxiety and standard setting following social success or failure.Cognit Therap Res, 19:613-31.
William, R, M. (2012). Mindfulnessbased stress reduction, mindfulnessbased cognitive therapy, and Zen meditation for depression, anxiety, pain, and psychological distress. Journal of Psychiatric Practice. 15(4): 232-250.
Zimbardo PO. (1997). Shyness: What it is what to do about it? Massachusetts: Addison- Wesley; 467. 
Zimbardo PG, Radle SL. The Shy child: (2001). A Parent's Guide to preventing and Overcoming Shyness from Infancy to Adulthood. New York.
Zimbardo PG. (2000). Shyness and sociability reexamined: A multi-component analysis. J Personal Soc Psychol, 57:904-15.
 
Volume 8, Issue 3
November 2017
Pages 29-45
  • Receive Date: 16 July 2017
  • Revise Date: 19 February 2018
  • Accept Date: 16 October 2017
  • First Publish Date: 23 October 2017
  • Publish Date: 23 October 2017