The Relationship between Psychological and Social Capital and Types of Well Being: Mediating Role of the Meaning of Life

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of fan, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

This paper was to investigate the mediating role of the meaning of life in relation to psychological capital and social capital with types of well-being. The descriptive research method was correlational and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population was made up of all the students of the Islamic Azad University of Qom in the second semester of the academic year 2021-2022, from which available 234 male and female students (with an average age of 24.47 and a standard deviation of 7.189) of various faculties. The tools of the current research included the Onyx and Bullen Social Capital Questionnaire (SCQ), Luthans Psychological Capital (PCQ), Keys Comprehensive Well-being Scale (CSM), and Schnell’s Sources of Meaning in Life (SoMe). The data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and AMOS-24 software. The results showed that the initial hypothetical model had a good fit with the observed data. The findings of the research demonstrated that psychological capital and social capital had a significant positive relationship through meaningfulness of life with types of well-being, and also psychological capital has a significant negative relationship through meaning crisis with types of well-being, but it was not detected for social capital with types of well-being the mediator of meaning crisis. Considering the importance of constructs such as psychological capital, social capital, meaningfulness of life and crisis of meaning in the types of well-being of people in the society, planning should be done to optimize these dimensions.

Keywords

References

افتخاریان، ر.، کلدی، ع.، سام، ش.، صحاف، ر.، و فدایی وطن، ر. (1395). روایی پایایی نسخۀ فارسی پرسشنامۀ سرمایۀ اجتماعی اونیکس در سالمندان. سالمند، 40(11)، 188-175.
امینی، م.، شهنی ییلاق، م.، و حاجی‌یخچالی، ع. ر. (1399). رابطۀ علی سرمایۀ روان‌شناختی با بهزیستی روان‌شناختی و عملکرد تحصیلی با میانجیگری سرمایۀ اجتماعی. پژوهشنامۀ روان‌شناسی مثبت، 22(6)، 15-1.
امامی لنگرودی، ع.، و رحیمی‌نژاد، ع. (1397). رابطۀ معناداری زندگی، فقدان معنا و جست‌وجوی معنای زندگی با بهزیستی روان‌شناختی، اجتماعی و عاطفی. پایان‌نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد. دانشگاه تهران.
‌‫‌‫ بهادری خسروشاهی، ج.، هاشمی نصرت‌آباد، ت.، و باباپورخیرالدین، ج. (1393). رابطۀ سرمایۀ اجتماعی با بهزیستی روان‌شناختی در دانشجویان دانشگاه تبریز. مجلۀ شناخت اجتماعی، 2(6)، 54-44.
‫جوشن‌لو، م.، نصرت‌آبادی، م.، و رستمی، ر. (1385). بررسی ساختار عاملی مقیاس بهزیستی جامع. روان‌شناسی تحولی (روان‌شناسان ایرانی). 3(9)، 51-35.
‌‫رحیمی‌نژاد، ع.، زالی‌زاده، م.، و علیپور، ا. (1394). رابطۀ سبک‌های هویت با حضور و جست‌وجوی معنای زندگی. مجلۀ علوم روان‌شناختی، 14(56)، 516-504.
رستگار، ا.، صیف، م. ح.، و عابدینی، ی. (1395). ارائۀ مدل علی روابط سرمایۀ روان‌شناختی و هیجانات تدریس: نقش واسطه‌ای خستگی هیجانی. پژوهش‌های کاربردی روان‌شناختی، 7(4)، 71-51.
غلامعلی لواسانی، م.، اژه‌ای، ج.، و محمدی مصیری، ف. (1392). رابطۀ معنای زندگی و خوش‌بینی با بهزیستی ذهنی. فصلنامۀ روان‌شناسی، 17(1)، 17-3.
‌‫محمودی، ا.، یونسی، ج.، و رحیمی‌زاده، م. (1393). رابطۀ سرمایۀ اجتماعی و سرمایۀ روان‌شناختی با نقش میانجی خودکارآمدی در دبیران تربیت‌بدنی. رویکردهایی نوین در مدیریت ورزشی، 2(7)، 39-23.
نادی، م. ع.، و سجادیان، ا. (1391). مقایسۀ تحول شناختی دانشجویان در ادراک معناداری در زندگی. فصلنامۀ دانش و پژوهش در روان‌شناسی کاربردی، 13(1)، 27-18.
نادی، م.، و سجادیان، ا. (1390). تحلیل روابط بین معنای معنوی با بهزیستی معنوی، شادی ذهنی، رضایت از زندگی، شکوفایی روان‌شناختی، امید به آینده و هدفمندی در زندگی دانشجویان. فصلنامۀ علمی-پژوهشی دانشکدۀ بهداشت یزد، 10(3-4)، 68-54.
نصیری، ح.، و جوکار، ب. (1387). معناداری زندگی، امید، رضایت از زندگی و سلامت روان در زنان (گروهی از زنان شاغل فرهنگی). پژوهش زنان، 6(2)، 176-157.
‌ هاشمی نصرت‌آباد، ت.، ‫باباپورخیرالدین، ج. و بهادری خسروشاهی، ج. (1390). نقش سرمایۀ روان‌شناختی در بهزیستی روانی با توجه به اثرات تعدیلی سرمایۀ اجتماعی. پژوهش‌های روان‌شناسی اجتماعی، 1(4)، 144-123.
Czyżowska, N., & Gurba, E. (2022). Enhancing Meaning in Life and Psychological Well-Being Among a European Cohort of Young Adults via a Gratitude Intervention. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 751081.
Brogaard, B., & Smith, B. (2005). On luck, responsibility and the meaning of life. Philosophical Papers, 34(3), 443-458.
Boomsma, A., & Hoogland, J. J. (2001). The robustness of LISREL modeling revisited. Cudeck, S. du Toit, & D. Sörbom (Eds.), Structural equation models: Present and future. A Festschrift in honor of Karl Jöreskog, (pp.139-168). Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International.
Chamberlain, K., & Zika, S. (1988). Measuring meaning in life: An examination of three scales. Personality and Individual Differences, 9(3), 589-596.
Debats, D. L, Lubbe, P. M., & Wezeman, F. R. A. (1993). On the psychometric properties of the Life Regard Index (LRI): A measure of meaningful life. Personality and Individual Differences, 14(2), 337 345.
Ding, L., Velicer, W. F., & Harlow, L. L. (1995). Effects of Estimation Methods, Number of Indicators per Factor, and Improper Solutions on Structural Equation Modeling Fit Indices. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2(2), 119-143.
Feldman, D. B., & Snyder, C. R. (2005). Hope and the meaningful life: Theoretical and empirical associations between goal-directed thinking and life meaning. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(3), 401-421.
García-Alandete, J., Martínez, E. R., Sellés-Nohales, P., & Soucase-Lozano, B. (2018). Sentido de vida y bienestar psicológico en adultos emergentes españoles. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 21(1), 206-216.
Goldsmith, A. H., Veum, J. R., & Darity Jr, W. (1997). Unemployment, joblessness, psychological well-being and self-esteem: Theory and evidence. Journal of Socio-Economics, 26(2), 133-158.
Grouden, M. E., & Jose, P. E. (2014). How do sources of meaning in life vary according to demographic factors?. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 43(3), 29-38.
Harlow, L. L., Newcomb, M. D., & Bentler, P. M. (1986). Depression, self-derogation, substance use, and suicide ideation: Lack of purpose in life as a mediational factor. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42(1), 5-21.
Ho, M. Y., Cheung, F. M., & Cheung, S. F. (2010). The role of meaning in life and optimism in promoting well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(5), 658-663.
Hoyle, R. H., & Kenny, D. A. (1999). Sample size, reliability, and tests of statistical mediation. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Statistical strategies for small sample research, 195-222.
Keyes, C. L. (1998). Social Well-Being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(2), 121-140.
Keyes, C. L. (2002). The Mental Health Continuum: From Languishing to Flourishing in Life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(2), 207-222.
Keyes, C. L. M. (2003). Complete mental health: An agenda for the 21st century. In C. L. M. Keyes & J. Haidt (Eds.), Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived (pp. 293–312). American Psychological Association.
Keyes, C. L. (2005). Mental illness and/or mental health? Investigating axioms of the complete state model of health. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(3), 539.
Keyes, C.L. (2006). Subjective well-being in mental health and human development research worldwide: An introduction. Social Indicators Research, 77(1), 1-10.
Klein, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
Koller, S. L., & Hicks, R. E. (2016). Psychological capital qualities and psychological well-being in Australian mental health professionals. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 8(2), 41.
Liran, B. H., & Miller, P. (2019). The role of psychological capital in academic adjustment among university students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20, 51-65.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9933-3
Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541-572.
Luthans, F., Luthans, K. W., & Luthans, B. C. (2004). Positive psychological capital: Beyond human and social capital. Business Horizons, 47(1), 45-50.
Nafees, N., & Jahan, M. (2017). Psychological capital (PsyCap) and mental well-being among medical students. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(3), 23-32.
Nieminen, T., Martelin, T., Koskinen, S., Aro, H., Alanen, E., & Hyyppä, M. T. (2010). Social capital as a determinant of self-rated health and psychological well-being. International Journal of Public Health, 55(6), 531-542.
Nyqvist, F., Forsman, A. K., Giuntoli, G., & Cattan, M. (2013). Social capital as a resource for mental well-being in older people: A systematic review. Aging & Mental Health, 17(4), 394-410.
O’Connor, K., & Chamberlain, K. (1996). Dimensions of life meaning: A qualitative investigation at mid-life. British Journal of Psychology, 87(3), 461-477.
Onyx, J., & Bullen, P. (2000). Measuring social capital in five communities. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 36(1), 23-42.
Oskrochi, G., Bani-Mustafa, A., & Oskrochi, Y. (2018). Factors affecting psychological well-being: Evidence from two nationally representative surveys. (H. T. A. Khan, ed.), PLOS ONE, 13(6), e0198638.
Rabenu, E., Yaniv, E., & Elizur, D. (2017). The relationship between psychological capital, coping with stress, well-being, and performance. Current Psychology, 36(4), 875-887.
Rahiminezhad, A., Hushmand Chatroidi, A. M., & Ejei, J. (2017). An investigation of the relationship between sources of meaning of life and mental health. Clinical Psychology Studies, 7(28), 43-51.‌
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
 Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727.
Schnell, T. (2009). The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe): Relations to demographics and well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 483-499.
Schlegel, R. J., Hicks, J. A., King, L. A., & Arndt, J. (2011). Feeling like you know who you are: Perceived true self-knowledge and meaning in life. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(6), 745–756.
Schnell, T., & Becker, P. (2006). Personality and meaning in life. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(1), 117–129.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L.S. (2001) Principal Components and Factor Analysis. In: Tabachnick. B. G. and Fidell, L. S. (eds.). Using Multivariate Statistics, 4th Ed., Allyn & Bacon., Boston, 607-675.
Portela, M., Neira, I., & Salinas-Jiménez, M. D. M. (2013). Social capital and subjective wellbeing in Europe: A new approach on social capital. Social Indicators Research, 114(2), 493-511.
World Health Organization. (2002). The world health report 2002: reducing risks, promoting healthy life. World Health Organization.
Zika, S., & Chamberlain, K. (1992). On the relation between meaning in life and psychological well-being. British Journal of Psychology, 83(1), 133-145.
 
 
Journal of Applied Psychological Research
Volume 13, Issue 4
2022
Pages 109-124

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 19 September 2022
  • Revise Date: 09 November 2022
  • Accept Date: 21 November 2022
  • First Publish Date: 22 December 2022
  • Publish Date: 22 December 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics