Efficacy of Positivist Psychotherapy on the Perfectionism and Psychological Coherence in Married Childless Women

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

Abstract

The objective of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of positivist psychotherapy in enhancing the perfectionism and psychological coherence in married, childless women. The study was quasi-experimental in nature, utilizing the control group method, pre-test, and post-test. The statistical population of the research consisted of married women who were childless and residing in the city of Isfahan during the spring of 2022. The purposive sampling method was employed to select thirty-five married women who were infertile. The women were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups, with 18 women in the experimental group and 17 in the control group. Ten ninety-minute sessions of positivist psychotherapy were administered to the women in the experimental group over a period of two and a half months. The applied questionnaires in the study included Perfectionism Questionnaire (PQ) and Psychological Coherence Questionnaire (PCQ) were implemented in the investigation. The SPSS23 software was used to analyze the data from the study using a mixed ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni test. The results showed that positivist psychotherapy has significant effect on the perfectionism (F=60.20; Eta=0.64; P<0.0001) and psychological coherence (F=39.66; Eta=0.54; P<0.0001) of married childless women. According to the findings of the study it can be concluded that positivist psychotherapy can be used as an efficient method to decrease perfectionism and improve psychological coherence of married childless women through employing techniques such as positive vision toward the life, training optimism and hope to the future.

Keywords


اسکندری، م.، رضاخانی، س.، و بهبودی، م. (1400). اثربخشی درمان مثبت‌گرا بر سرمایه‌های روان‌شناختی و سبک‌های ابراز هیجان زنان مبتلا به مولتیپل اسکلروزیس: یک مطالعۀ راهنما. سلامت اجتماعی، 8(2)، 304-288. https://doi.org/10.22037/ch.v8i2.31252
اشرفیان، ف.، صادقی، م.، رضایی، ف.، و کاظمی رضایی، س. (1399). تأثیر رویکرد تلفیقی رفتاردرمانی شناختی مثبت‌نگر بر رضایت جنسی و سازگاری زناشویی زنان نابارور. مجلۀ دانشکدۀ پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه، 18(7)، 607-597. http://unmf.umsu.ac.ir/article-1-4213-fa.html
امیدوار، ب.، و لیراویانی نژاد، ش. (1397). تبیین علی رضایت از نقش مادری: نقش خودکارآمدی مادری و راهبردهای نظم‌جویی شناختی هیجان. فصلنامۀ زن و جامعه، 9(36)، 16-1. https://jzvj.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_3278.html
بابایی، ع. (1393).  نقش عملکرد خانواده و احساس انسجام روانی در انگیزش پیشرفت تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان دختر، پایان نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد رشته روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد. https://elmnet.ir/doc/10694210-51442
بشارت، م. ع. (1386). ساخت و اعتباریابی پرسشنامۀ کمال‌گرایی تهران. پژوهش‌های روان‌شناختی، 10(1)، 67-49. https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/613549
پوریحیی، س.، نظرپور، د.، ملک‌زاده ترکمانی، پ.، و داورنیا، ر. (1399). تاثیر روان درمانی مثبت نگر (PPT) بر شادکامی مادران کودکان مبتلا به سندروم داون (DS). ارمغان دانش، 25(2)، 327-313. http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-2452-fa.html
حیدری، ن.، و ساعدی، س. (1399). اثربخشی روان‌درمانی مثبت‌نگر بر رضایت‌مندی زناشویی، سبک عشق‌ورزی و شادکامی زوجین. سلامت اجتماعی، 7(2)، 191-200. https://doi.org/10.22037/ch.v7i2.25259
رفعت‌جاه، م. (1396). زنان جوان و بازتعریف معنا و نقش مادری مطالعه‌ای بر روی مادران 25 تا 40 ساله ساکن شهر ری. مجلۀ جامعه‌شناسی ایران، 4(4)، 130-164. http://www.jsi-isa.ir/article_33891.html
ساکتی، ز.،  فرهادی، ه.، و آتش‌پور، س ح . (1402). اثربخشی روان‌درمانی مثبت‌نگر بر سرمایۀ روان‌شناختی و شایستگی اجتماعی زنان متأهل فاقد فرزند. فصلنامۀ پژوهش‌های نوین روان‌شناختی 18(71)، 127-119. https://doi.org/10.22034/jmpr.2023.16929
سجادی، ا.، و جبل عاملی، ش. (1398). تأثیر روان‌درمانی مثبت‌نگر گروهی بر شایستگی اجتماعی زنان متقاضی جراحی زیبایی بینی. پوست و زیبایی، 10(3)، 148-160. http://jdc.tums.ac.ir/article-1-5405-fa.html
شریفی، غ.، نظرپور، د.، داورنیا، م.، و داورنیا، ر. (1400). اثربخشی روان‌درمانی مثبت‌نگر بر بهزیستی ذهنی زنان چاق مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2. علوم روان‌شناختی، 20(97)، 332-321. http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-829-fa.html
عمادی، ش.، میرهاشمی، م.، و پاشاشریفی، ح. (1399). مدل ساختاری برای پیش‌بینی دل‌زدگی زناشویی بر اساس هیجان‌خواهی، کمال‌گرایی و راهبردهای تنظیم هیجان با میانجی‌گری تاب آوری در زنان متأهل. مجله علوم روان‌شناختی، 19(92)، 1022-1011. http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-411-fa.html
قره داغی، ع.، و کمیلی پور، ف. (1398). اثربخشی رفتاردرمانی شناختی مثبت نگر بر عاطفۀ مثبت و منفی زنان دارای همسر با اختلالات روانی. فرهنگ مشاوره و روان‌درمانی، 10(2)، 194-177. https://doi.org/10.22054/qccpc.2019.40597.2094
کربلایی صالح، ش.، و دشت بزرگی، ز. (1399). اثربخشی آموزش مثبت‌نگر گروهی بر شادکامی زناشویی، تاب‌آوری و رضایت از زندگی در والدین کودکان با نیازهای خاص. روان پرستاری، 8(1)، 71-60. http://ijpn.ir/article-1-1484-fa.html
میکائیلی، ن.، و صمدی‌فرد، ح. (1400). همبستگی سلامت جنسی با باورهای غیرمنطقی، ذهن‌آگاهی و کمال‌گرایی در بین زوجین. مدیریت ارتقای سلامت، 10(2)، 53-63. http://jhpm.ir/article-1-1160-fa.html
نصیری تاکامی، غ.، نجفی، م.، طالع‌پسند، س.، و مکوند حسینی، ش. (1398). مقایسۀ اثربخشی روان‌درمانی مثبت‌نگر و درمان شناختی رفتاری بر بهزیستی روان‌شناختی و افسردگی در نوجوانان با علائم افسردگی. پژوهش‌های مشاوره، 18(70)، 129-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jcr.18.70.105
نوریان، ل.، گل پرور، م.، و آقایی، ا. (1400). تمایزات اثربخشی روان‌درمانی مثبت‌نگر و درمان پذیرش و تعهد بر شکوفایی و انعطاف‌پذیری روان‌شناختی زنان افسرده. سنجش و پژوهش در مشاوره و روان‌شناسی، 3(4)، 29-15. http://ijpn.ir/article-1-1645-fa.html
References
Antonovsky, A. (1993). The structure and properties of the sense of coherence scale. Social Science & Medicine, 36(6), 725-733. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(93)90033-Z
Ashrafian, F., Sadeghi, M., Rezaei, F., & Kazemi Rezaei, S. V. (2020). the effect of integrative positive-cognitive behavioral therapy on sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment of infertile woman. Nursing and Midwifery Journal, 18(7), 597-607. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/unmf.18.7.597 (In Persian)
Babaei, A. (2013). The role of family functioning and the sense of psychological cohesion in motivating the academic progress of female students. Thesis for obtaining a Master's Degree in Educational Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. https://elmnet.ir/doc/10694210-51442 (In Persian)
Besharat, M. A. (2007). Development and validation of the Tehran multidimensional perfectionism scale. Psychologival Research, 10(1), 49-67. https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/613549 (In Persian)
Carlén, K., Suominen, S., Lindmark, U., Saarinen, M. M., Aromaa, M., Rautava, P., & Sillanpää, M. (2020). Sense of coherence predicts adolescent mental health. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, 1206-1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.023
Celano, C. M., Freedman, M. E., Harnedy, L. E., Park, E. R., Januzzi, J. L., Healy, B. C., & Huffman, J. C. (2020). Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a positive psychology-based intervention to promote health behaviors in heart failure: The REACH for health study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 139, 110-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110285
Chang, E. C., Schaffer. M. R., Novak, C. J., Ablow, D. B.,  Gregory, A. E., Chang, O. D., Lucas, A. G., & Hirsch, J. K. (2019). Sexual assault history and self-destructive behaviors in women college students: Testing the perniciousness of perfectionism in predicting non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 149, 186-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.021
Cooklin, A. R., Dinh, H., Strazdins, L., Westrupp, E., Leach, L. S., & Nicholson, J. M. (2016). Change and stability inwork-family conflict and mothers’ and fathers’ mental health: Longitudinal evidence from an Australian cohort. Social Science & Medicine, 155, 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.02.036
Darvill, R., Skirton, S., & Farand, P. (2010). Psychological factors that impact on womens experiences of first-time mothers: A qualitative study of the transition. Midwifery, 26(3), 357-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2008.07.006
Emadi, S., Mirhashemi, M., sharifi, H. P. (2020). A structural model for prediction of couple burnout based on sensation seeking, perfectionism and emotion regulation strategies with the mediation of resiliency in married women. Journal of Psychological Science, 19(92), 1011-1022. http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-411-en.html (In Persian)
Eskandari, M., Rezakhani, S., & Behboodi, M. (2021). The effectiveness of positive therapy on psychological capital and emotion expression styles among women with multiple sclerosis: A pilot study. SALĀMAT-I IJTIMĀĪ (Community Health), 8(2), 288–304. https://doi.org/10.22037/ch.v8i2.31252 (In Persian)
Feig, E. H., Celano, C. M., Massey, C. N., Chung, W., Romero, P., Harnedy, L. E., & Huffman, J. C. (2020). Association of midlife status with response to a positive psychology intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, 62(2), 220-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2020.06.002
Ferguson, S., & Davis, D. (2019). ‘I'm having a baby not a labour’: Sense of coherence and women's attitudes towards labour and birth. Midwifery, 79, 102529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2019.102529
Flensborg-Madsen, T., Ventegodt, S., & Merrick, J. (2006). Sense of coherence and health. The construction of an amendment to Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale (SOC II). TheScientificWorldJournal6, 2133–2139. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.342
Flink, I. K., Smeets, E., Bergbom, S., & Peters, M. L. (2015). Happy despite pain: Pilot study of a positive psychology intervention for patients with chronic pain. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 7(1), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.01.005
Gharedaghi, A., & komeylipour, F. (2019). The effectiveness of positive cognitive behavioral therapy on the positive and negative affect of women with spouse with mental disorders. Counseling Culture and Psycotherapy, 10(38), 177-194. https://doi.org/10.22054/qccpc.2019.40597.2094 (In Persian)
Gingras, A.S., Lessard, I., Mallette, F., Brassard, A., Bernier-Jarry, A., Gosselin, P., & Pierrepont, C. (2021). Couple adaptation to the birth of a child: the roles of attachment and perfectionism. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 47(3), 581-594. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12453
Hesser, H., Hedman-Lagerlöf, E., Lindfors, P., Andersson, E., Ljótsson, B. (2021). Behavioral avoidance moderates the effect of exposure therapy for irritable bowel syndrome: A secondary analysis of results from a randomized component trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 141, 103862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103862
Heydari, N., & Saedi, S. (2019). The effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on marital satisfaction, love-making styles and happiness among couples. SALĀMAT-I IJTIMĀĪ (Community Health), 7(2), 191–200. https://doi.org/10.22037/ch.v7i2.25259 (In Persian)
Karbalaei Salehi, S., & DashtBozorgi, Z. (2020). The effectiveness of group positive training on marital happiness, resilience and life satisfaction in parents of children with special needs. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 8(1), 60-71. http://ijpn.ir/article-1-1484-en.html (In Persian)
Kloos, N., Drossaert, C. H. C., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Westerhof, G. J. (2019). Online positive psychology intervention for nursing home staff: A cluster-randomized controlled feasibility trial of effectiveness and acceptability. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 98, 48-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.06.004
Ma, Y., Chen, X., Nunez, A., Yan, M., Zhang, B., & Zhao, F. (2021). Influences of parenting on adolescents’ empathy through the intervening effects of self-integrity and sense of coherence. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, 105246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105246
Mahdavi, M. S., Farhadi, H., Sadeghi, E., & Masaeli, N. (2021). Psychometric traits of motherhood role acceptance scale and its relationship with psychological capital. The Family Journal0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/10664807211022227
Márk-Ribiczey, N., Miklósi, M., & Szabó, M. (2015). Maternal self-efficacy and role satisfaction: The mediating effect of cognitive emotion regulation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(1), 189-197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0217-4
McComb, S. E., & Mills, J. S. (2022). The effect of physical appearance perfectionism and social comparison to thin-, slim-thick-, and fit-ideal Instagram imagery on young women’s body image. Body Image, 40, 165-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.12.003
Mikaeili, N., & Samadifard, H. R. (2021). Correlation of sexual health with irrational beliefs, mindfulness and perfectionism in couples. Journal of Health Promotion Management, 10(2), 53-63. http://jhpm.ir/article-1-1160-en.html (In Persian)
Muggleton, N., Parpart, P., Newall, P., Leake, D., Gathergood, J., & Stewart, N. (2021). The association between gambling and financial, social and health outcomes in big financial data. Nature Human Behaviour, 5(3), 319-326. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-01045-w
Nasiri, G., Najafi, M., Talepasand, S., & Makvand Hosseini, S. (2019). Comparison the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on psychological well-being and depression in adolescents with depression. Journal of Counseling Research, 18(70), 105-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jcr.18.70.105 (In Persian)
Nevin, S. M., Wakefield, C. E., Le Marne, F., Beavis, E., Macintosh, R., Sachdev, R., Bye, A., Palmer, E. E., & Nunn, K. (2022). Piloting positive psychology resources for caregivers of a child with a genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology37, 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.01.022
Nourian, L., Golparvar, M., & Aghaei, A. (2021). Comparing the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on depression and affective capital of depressed women. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 9(4), 11-23. http://ijpn.ir/article-1-1645-en.html (In Persian)
Omidvar, B., & Liravianinjad, S. (2019). A causal explanation of maternal sense of competency: The study role of parental self-efficacy of mothers and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Quarterly Journal of Woman and Society, 9(36), 1-16. https://jzvj.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_3278.html?lang=en (In Persian)
Pisula, E., & Kossakowska, Z. (2010). Sense of coherence and coping with stress among mothers and fathers of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(12), 1485-1494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1001-3
Pouryahya, S., Nazarpour, D., MalekZadeh Torkamani, P., & Davarniya, R. (2020). The effectiveness of positive psychotherapy (PPT) on happiness among mothers of children with down syndrome (DS). Armaghane-Danesh, 25(2), 313-327. http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-2452-en.html (In Persian)
Rafatjah, M. (2017). Young women and their redefinition of motherhood role. Iranian Journal of Sociology, 18(4), 130-164. http://www.jsi-isa.ir/article_33891.html?lang=en (In Persian)
Rallis, S., Skouteris, H., McCabe, M., & Milgrom, J. (2014). The transition to motherhood: 831 towards a broader understanding of perinatal distress. Women Birth, 27(1), 68–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2013.12.004
Rashid, T. (2008). Positive psychotherapy. In Lopez, S. J. (Ed.) Positive psychology: Exploring the best in people (pp. 146-70). Westport CT: Greenwood Publishing Company.
Sajadi, E., & Jabalameli, S. (2019). The effect of group positive psychotherapy on social competence of women candidates for cosmetic rhinoplasty. Journal of Dermatology and Cosmetics, 10(3), 148-160. http://jdc.tums.ac.ir/article-1-5405-en.html (In Persian)
saketi, Z., farhadi, H., & Atashpour, H. (2023). Efficacy of positivist psychotherapy on the psychological capital and social competence in married childless women. Journal of Modern Psychological Researches, 18(71), 119-127. https://doi.org/10.22034/jmpr.2023.16929  (In Persian)
Sharifi, G., Nazarpour, D., Davarnia, M., & Davarniya, R. (2021). The effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on subjective wellbeing of obese women with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Psychological Science, 20(97), 89-102. http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-829-en.html (In Persian)
Shrestha, S., Adachi, K., A Petrini, M., & Shrestha, S., (2019). Maternal role: A concept analysis. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 7, 1732–1741. https://doi.org/10.22038/jmrh.2019.31797.1344
Stoeber, J., & Harvey, L. N. (2016). Multidimensional sexual perfectionism and female sexual function: A longitudinal investigation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(8), 2003-2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0721-7
Tal, A., & Kerret, D. (2020). Positive psychology as a strategy for promoting sustainable population policies. Heliyon, 6(4), e03696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03696
Vada, S., & Prentice, C., Scott, N., & Hsiao, A. (2020). Positive psychology and tourist well-being: A systematic literature review. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33, 100631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100631
Volume 16, Issue 1
March 2025
Pages 183-197
  • Receive Date: 15 August 2022
  • Revise Date: 01 February 2023
  • Accept Date: 06 February 2023
  • First Publish Date: 16 January 2025
  • Publish Date: 21 April 2025