Smoking is the most common addictive drug and is the main gate for other substance abuse. Relapse is one of the main problems in smoking cessation programs. Smoking abstinence self-efficacy plays a basic role in preventing of re-addiction or relapse after quitting smoking. The aim of this study was to construct and validate smoking abstinence self-efficacy scale for Iranian population. At the first, a questionnaire with 52 questions was constructed based on four international scales. Two hundred students who had a history of smoking were randomly chosen at the University of Birjand and completed the questionnaire. Since Bartlett's test of sphericity was significance (KOM= .88), a factorial exploratory analysis was applied on the scale. Using a factor analysis with Varimax rotation and method of items analysis, 23 questions were chosen. With factorial confirmatory analysis, a scale with 13 questions and in two factors derived. The concurrent validity of the scale was calculated with General Self-Efficay (GSE10). The results showed there was a significant positive correlation among them. These findings show the abstinence self-efficacy scale with 13 questions is a valid tool and can be used in smoking cessation and other drug abuse prevention programmes in Iran.