Investigating the perceptions of EFL teachers about the flipped classroom model in Iranian schools

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Assistant

Abstract

Teachers everywhere are constantly working hard to invest in technological innovations to improve the educational standards and create new models and strategies of teaching and learning. One of these models that seem to rely heavily on technology is the “flipped learning” or “flipped classroom model”. The present study aimed at investigating the perceptions of EFL teachers about the flipped classroom model in the Iranian schools. Sample of the research were 72 teachers from 9 educational districts participating in an in service training course named "designing flipped classroom for English course". The quantitative results showed that the total degree of teachers' responses was (3.85) which suggested a moderate level of perceptions and there were no statistical significant differences at (α =0.05) on the total degree of perceptions between teachers due to gender, qualification and experience. On the other hand, the qualitative results revealed three major themes with regard to teachers’ perceptions and that teachers were somehow divided into two groups. The first group was in favor of using the flipped learning model but with mature students and after providing the required infrastructure. The second group was not in favor of using the flipped learning model because it might add more responsibilities and tasks to the overloaded teachers and it might distract students as well. In light of the results of the present study, the researchers offered some recommendations.

Keywords

References

باطنی، محمد رضا. (1369 ). زبان و تفکر ما. تهران: انتشارات فرهنگ معاصر.
برنامه درســی ملی جمهوری اسالمی ایران (نگاشــت چهارم) (1389 .)دبیرخانه طرح تولید برنامه درسی ملی.
بهروزی محمد، آموزگار، آزاده و علیپور، یعقوب، 1393،  آسیب شناسی برنامه درسی آموزش زبان انگلیسی از دیدگاه معلمان و دانش آموزان دوره متوسطه، فصلنامه علمی-پژوهشی رهیافتی نو در مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مرودشت.
علی فرد، فاطمه و شمس الدین کامیاب.( ۱۳۹۲) تاثیر فناوریهای نوین بر آموزش زبان انگلیسی درسطوح بالای حیطه شناختی بلوم، اولین کنفرانس ملی آموزش زبان انگلیسی، ادبیات و مترجمی، شیراز، موسسه بین المللی آموزشی و پژوهشی خوارزمی.
ضیاحسینی، سید محمد (1376). روش تدریس زبان انگلیسی. تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران.
گلزاری زینب، عطاران محمد. تدریس به روش معکوس در آموزش عالی: روایت های یک مدرس دانشگاه. دوفصلنامه نظریه و عمل در برنامه درسی. ۱۳۹۵; ۴ (۷) :۸۱-۱۳۶.
Al-Harbi1, S. S. & Alshumaimeri, Y.A. (2016). The Flipped Classroom Impact in Grammar Class on EFL Saudi Secondary School Students’ Performances and Attitudes. English Language Teaching; Vol. 9, No. 10; pp.60-80.
Baker, J. W. (2000). The “classroom flip”: Using web course management tools to become the guide by the side. Paper presented at the 11International Conference on College Teaching and Learning, Jacksonville,FL.
Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2012). Flip your classroom: Reach every student in every class every day. Washington DC: International Society for Technology in Education.
Banitt, J., Theis, S., Leeuwe, L. V. (2013). The effects of technology integration on student engagement. Minnesota: St. Catherine University
Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2014). Flipped learning: Gateway to student engagement. Washington DC: International Society for Technology in Education.
Bishop, J. L. & Verleger, M. A. (2013). The flipped classroom: A survey of the research. ASEE National Conference Proceedings. 30 (9), 1-18.
Bishop, J., & Verleger, M.(2013). Testing the flipped classroom with model-eliciting activities and video lectures in a mid-level undergraduate engineering course. In 2013 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)(pp. 161-163). IEEE. (2013, October).
Brown, H. D. (2007). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy. White Plains, NY: Pearson-Longman.
Birjandi, D.(1995),evaluation of English book in third grade of high school, English language learning. Roshd Magazine, 45,page 11(In Persian) .
Chen Hsieh, J. S., W. C. V. Wu, and M. W. Marek. (2017), “Using the Flipped Classroom to Enhance EFL Learning.” Computer Assisted Language Learning 30 (1–2): 1–21.
Clark, K. R. (2015). The effects of the flipped model of instruction on student engagement and performance in the secondary mathematics classroom. The Journal of Educators Online, 12(1), 91-114.
DeLozier, S. J., & Rhodes, M. G. (2016). Flipped Classrooms: a Review of Key Ideas and Recommendations for Practice. Educational Psychology Review, 1-11.
Downs, J. M., Bishop, P. (2012). Educators engage digital natives and learn from their experiences with technology. Middle School Journal. 43 (5), 6-15.
Fautch, J. M. (2015). The flipped classroom for teaching organic chemistry in small classes: is it effective?. Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 16(1), 179-186.
Foote, C., Vermette, P. & Battaglia, C. (2013). Constructivist Strategies: Meeting Standards & Engaging Adolescent Minds.New York: Routledge.
Forsey, M., Low, M., & Glance, D. (2013). Flipping the sociology classroom: Towards a practice of online pedagogy. Journal of Sociology, 49(4), 471-485.
Fulcher,G. and Davidson.F(2008).Tests in Life and Learning:A Deathly Dialogue.Educational Philosophy and Theory,40(3),407-417.
Gareis, C. & Grant, L. (2015). Teacher-Made Assessments: How to Connect Curriculum, Instruction, and Student Learning.2nd Edition. New York: Routledge.
Gilboy, M. B., Heinerichs, S., & Pazzaglia, G. (2015). Enhancing student engagement using the flipped classroom. Journal of nutrition education and behavior, 47(1), 109-114
Gross, D., Pietri, E. S., Anderson, G., Moyano-Camihort, K., & Graham, M. J. (2015). Increased preclass preparation underlies student outcome improvement in the flipped classroom. CBE-Life Sciences Education, 14(4), ar36.
Harmer.(2001).The Practice of English language teaching. Longman Press.
Helgeson, J. (2015). Flipping the English Classroom. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 51(2), 64-68.
Hung, H.-T. (2015). Flipping the Classroom for English Language learners to foster active learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 28, 81-96.
 
Hussey, H., Fleck, B. & Richmond, A. (2015). Promoting Active Learning through a Flipped Course Design. In ManagementAssociation, Information Resources (Eds.), Curriculum Design and Classroom Management: Concepts,Methodologies, Tools and Application (106-130). Hershey: Information Science Reference.
Keengwe, J., Onchwari, G. & Oigara, J.  (2014). Promoting Active Learning through the Flipped Classroom Model. Hershey:Information Science Reference.
Khan, S. (2011, March). Salman Khan: Let's use video to reinvent education Video on TED.com. TED: Ideas worth spreading, Retrieved April 23, /talks/salman khan.
Kim, E. (2008). Status quo of CLT-based English curricular reform: A teacher’s voice from the classroom. English Teaching, 63(2), 43-69.
Lage, M. J., & Platt, G. (2000). The internet and the inverted classroom. The Journal of Economic Education, 31(1), 11-11.
Lage, M., Platt, G., & Treglia, M. (2000). Inverting the classroom: A gateway to creating an inclusive learning environment, Journal of Economic Education, 31(1), 30-43.
Lajoie, S.P., & Azevedo, R. (2006). Teaching and learning in technology-rich environments. In P.A. Alexander, & P.H. Winne, (Eds.). Handbook of Educational Psychology, (2nd ed.), (pp. 803-821). New York: Routledge.
Lee, M. (2014). Signification of flipped classroom by sociology of classroom: Focusing on the experience of teachers. Korean Journal of Sociology of Education, 24(2), 181-207.
Little, C. (2015). The flipped classroom in further education: literature review and case study. Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 20(3), 265-279.
Love, B., Hodge, A., Grandgenett, N., & Swift, A. W. (2014). Student learning and perceptions in a flipped linear algebra course. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 45(3), 317-324.
Mathews, M. (2015).  BIM: postgraduate multidisciplinary collaborative education. In L. Mahdjoubi , C.A., Brebbia  & R. Laing  (Eds.), Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Design, Construction and Operations (133-144).Southampton: WIT Press.
Mattis, K. V. (2015). Flipped classroom versus traditional textbook instruction: assessing accuracy and mental effort at different levels of mathematical complexity. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 20(2), 231-248.
Mehring, J. (2016). Present Research on the Flipped Classroom and Potential Tools for the EFL Classroom. Computers in the Schools, 33(1), 1-10.
McLean, S., Attardi, S. M., Faden, L., & Goldszmidt, M. (2016).  Flipped classrooms and student learning: not just surface gains. Advances in Physiology Education, 40(1), 47-55.
McNally, B., Chipperfield, J., Dorsett, P., Del Fabbro, L., Frommolt, V., Goetz, S., ... & Roiko, A. (2016). Flipped classroom experiences: student preferences and flip strategy in a higher education context. Higher Education. 1-18.
Moffett, J. (2015).  Twelve tips for “flipping” the classroom. Medical teacher, 37(4), 331-336.
Moffett, J., & Mill, A. C. (2014). Evaluation of the flipped classroom approach in a veterinary professional skills course. Advances in medical education and practice, 5, 415.
Nunan, D. (1999). Second Language Teaching & Learning. ERIC Number: ED441344.پ
Nunan. D. (1988). Syllabus Design. Oxford University Press.
Oberg,A.A.(1991). Curriculum Decisions. In A. Lewy(Ed), The International  Encyclopedia of curriculum(PP.302-303). Pergamon Press.
O'Flaherty, J., & Phillips, C. (2015). The use of flipped classrooms in higher education: A scoping review. The Internet and Higher Education, 25, 85-95.
Ogden, L., Pyzdrowski, L. & Shambaugh, N. (2014). A Teaching Model for the College Algebra Flipped Classroom. In J. Keengwe, G. Onchwari & J. Oigara (Eds.), Promoting Active Learning through the Flipped Classroom Model (47-70). Hershey: Information Science Reference.
Ogden, L. & Shambaugh, N. (2016). The Continuous and Systematic Study of the College Algebra Flipped Classroom. In J.Keengwe & G. Onchwari (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Active Learning and the Flipped Model Classroom inthe Digital Age (41-71). Hershey: Information Science Reference.
Piehler, C., (2014) .FLN Shares its Four Pillars of Flipped Learning, Retrieved May 1, 2015 from:URL:http://thejournal.com/articles/2014/03/12/fln-announces-formaldefinition-and-   fourpillars.aspx.
Pink, D. (2010). Think tank: Flip-thinking - the new buzz word sweeping the US, The Telegraph, Retrieved May 1, 2015 from: URL:http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance /businessclub/7996379/Daniel-PinksThink-Tank-Flip-thinking-the-new-buzz-word-sweeping-the-US.html
Poore, R. (2013). Flipping the Classroom. Focus on Boise State, 34(1), 21-22. Retrieved May 1, 2015 from: Boise Statewebsite.
Prashar, A. (2015).   Assessing the flipped classroom in operations management: A pilot study. Journal of Education for Business, 90(3), 126-138.
Ramazani-Bauer, C., Graney, J. M., Marshall, H., & Sabieh, C. (2016). Flipped Learning    inTESOL: Definitions, Approaches, and Implementation. TESOL Journal, 7(2) 429-437.
Rideout, V. J., Foehr, U. G. Roberts, D. F. (2010). Generation m: Media in the lives of 8-to18-year-olds. California: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. http://files.eric.ed.gov/ fulltext /ED527859.pdf [14.10.2015].
Richards,J.C.& Renandya, W.A(2002). Methodology in language teaching:an anthology of current practice. Cambridge University press.
Rotellar, C., & Cain, J. (2016). Research, Perspectives, and Recommendations on Implementing the Flipped Classroom. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 80(2).
Roth, C., Suppasetseree, S. (2016). Flipped classroom: can it enhance English listening comprehension for pre-universıty students in Cambodia? Proceedings of Classic: Learning in and beyond the Classroom: Ubiquity in Foreign Language Education
Schultz, D., Duffield, S., Rasmussen, S. C., & Wageman, J. (2014). Effects of the flipped classroom model on student performance for advanced placement high school chemistry students. Journal of Chemical Education, 91(9), 1334-1339.
Stone, B. B. (2012). Flip your classroom to increase active learning and student engagement. In Proceedings from 28th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching & Learning, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Strayer, J. (2007). The effects of the classroom flip on the learning environment: a comparison of learning activity in a traditional classroom and a flip classroom that used an intelligent tutoring system (DoctoralDissertation).   ETD Center 1189523914.
Sweet, D. (2014). Micro lectures in a flipped classroom: Application, creation and resources. Mid-Western Educational Researcher, 26(1), 52-59.
Tan, E., Brainard, A., & Larkin, G. L. (2015). Acceptability of the flipped classroom approach for in house teaching in emergency medicine. Emergency Medicine Australasia, 27(5), 453-459.
The Flipped Learning Network. (2014). What is flipped learning?Available: http://flippedlearning.org/definition-of-flipped-learning/ [2016, Oct 13].
Thomas, J. S., & Philpot, T. A. (2012, June). An inverted teaching model for a mechanics of materials course. In Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Wagner, D., Laforge, P., & Cripps, D. (2013). Lecture material retention: A first trial report on flipped classroom strategies in electronic systems engineering at the University of Regina. Proceedings of the Canadian Engineering Education Association.
Wallace, A. (2013, September). Social learning platforms and the flipped classroom. In e-Learning and e-Technologies in Education (ICEEE), 2013 Second International Conference on (pp. 198-200). IEEE.
Webb, M., & Doman, E. (2016). Does the Flipped Classroom Lead to Increased Gains of Learning Outcomes in ESL/EFL Contexts?. CATESOL Journal, 28(1), 39-67.
Willey, K., & Gardner, A. (2013). Flipping your classroom without flipping out. Proceedings of 41st SEFI Conference, 16-20 September 2013, Leuven, Belgium. Retrieved May 18, 2015 from:URL:https://www.academia.edu/5153284/Flipping_your_classroom_withoutflipping_out,28,11,2013.
Young, T. P., Bailey, C. J., Guptill, M., Thorp, A. W., & Thomas, T. L. (2014).  The flipped classroom: a modality for mixed asynchronous and synchronous learning in a residency program. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 15(7), 938.
Zainuddin, Z., & Attaran, M. (2015). Malaysian students’ perceptions of flipped classroom: a case study. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 1-11.
Journal of Applied Psychological Research
Volume 9, Issue 2
July 2018
Pages 61-87

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 11 May 2019
  • Accept Date: 11 May 2019
  • First Publish Date: 11 May 2019
  • Publish Date: 22 June 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics