The Pattern of Structural Relationships of University Students’ Psychological Well-Being Based on Personal Resilience and Social Intelligence Mediated by Mental Rumination

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

Abstract

The objective of the current study was to develop a model of structural relationships in psychological well-being that is based on personal resilience and social intelligence, with mental rumination serving as a mediator. The descriptive-correlation method (structural equations) was employed to conduct the research. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all students enrolled at Mohaghegh Ardabili University (N=7000) during the second part of the academic year of 2022-2023.The available sampling method was used to identify 271 individuals, including 94 boys and 177 girls. They completed questionnaires on psychological well-being, resilience (CD‐RISC), social intelligence (TSIS), and mental rumination (RS). Using Smart PLS-3 software, the obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results of the structural equation model indicated that personal resilience and social intelligence have a direct relationship with psychological well-being. Additionally, personal resilience and social intelligence have an indirect correlation with the mediation of mental rumination. The forthcoming model was well-fitted. In accordance with the overall findings of the investigation, it is recommended that educational seminars be conducted in the field of awareness to enhance the resilience and social intelligence of students, thereby reducing the level of mental rumination and enhancing psychological well-being.

Keywords

References

بیگدلی، ا.، نجفی، م.، و رستمی، م. (1392). رابطۀ سبک‌های دلبستگی، تنظیم هیجانی و تاب‌آوری با بهزیستی روانی در دانشجویان علوم پزشکی. مجلۀ ایرانی آموزش در علوم پزشکی، 13(۹)، ۷۲9-۷۲1. http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-2694-fa.html
خانجانی، م.، شهیدی، ش.، فتح‌آبادی، ج.، مظاهری، م.ع.، و شکری، ا. (1393). ساختار عاملی و ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی فرم کوتاه (18 سؤالی) مقیاس بهزیستی روان‌شناختی ریف در دانشجویان دختر و پسر. اندیشه و رفتار در روان‌شناسی بالینی، 9(32)، 36-27. https://sanad.iau.ir/Journal/jtbcp/Article/1118221 
دهقانی، ا.، دشتستان نژاد، آ.، بت‌شکن، ز.، و اخوان، ش. (1399). تأثیر پذیرش- عمل و نشخوار فکری بر کارکرد جنسی زنان از طریق تحمل پریشانی. مجلۀ دانشکدۀ بهداشت و انستیتو تحقیقات بهداشتی، ۱۸(۱)، 72-61. http://sjsph.tums.ac.ir/article-1-5862-fa.html
رجبی، س.، و ولدبیگی، پ. (۱۳۹۵). پیش‌بینی بهزیستی روان‌شناختی بر اساس هوش‌های معنوی، هیجانی و اجتماعی در دانشجویان. رویش روان‌شناسی، 14(5)، 199-216.  https://frooyesh.ir/article-1-156-fa.html
رستمی، ن. (1393). بررسی رابطۀ هوش اجتماعی بر رضایت‌مندی مؤدیان امور مالیاتی شهر کرمانشاه. پایان‌نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد، رشتۀ مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی. واحد کرمانشاه.
زمانی، ح. (۱۴۰۰). بررسی مدل رفتار ذهن آگاهی، چشم‌انداز زمان و معنای زندگی با بهزیستی روان‌شناختی: با واسطه‌گری سیستم‌های مغزی-رفتاری در دانشجویان دانشگاه ارومیه. پایان‌نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد، رشتۀ روان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ارومیه.
References
AlQarni, A. M., Elfaki, A., Abdel Wahab, M. M., Aljehani, Y., ALKhunaizi, A. A., Othman, S. A., & AlShamlan, R. A. (2023). Psychological resilience, anxiety, and well-being of health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 16, 1327-1335. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S403681
Azañedo, C. M., Sastre, S., Artola, T., Alvarado, J. M., & Jiménez-Blanco, A. (2020). Social intelligence and psychological distress: subjective and psychological well-being as mediators. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 7785. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph17217785
Babbage, C. M., Jackson, G. M., Davies, E. B., & Nixon, E. (2022). Self-help digital interventions targeted at improving psychological well-being in young people with perceived or clinically diagnosed reduced well-being: systematic review. JMIR Mental Health, 9(8), 25716. https://doi.org/10.2196/25716
Baker, D. A., Caswell, H. L., & Eccles, F. J. (2019). Self-compassion and depression, anxiety, and resilience in adults with epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 90, 154-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.11.025
Betancourt, T. S., & Khan, K. T. (2008). The mental health of children affected by armed conflict: Protective processes and pathways to resilience. International Review of Psychiatry, 20(3), 317-328. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540260802090363
Bigdeli, I., Najafy, M., & Rostami, M. (2013). The relation of attachment styles, emotion regulation, and resilience to well-being among students of medical sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 13(9), 721-729.) http://ijme.mui.ac.ir/article-1-2694-en.html (In Persian)
Bravo, A. J., Kelley, M. L., Mason, R., Ehlke, S. J., Vinci, C., & Redman, J. C. (2020). Rumination as a mediator of the associations between moral injury and mental health problems in combat-wounded veterans. Traumatology, 26(1), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000198
Cheng, C., Dong, D., He, J., Zhong, X., & Yao, S. (2020). Psychometric properties of the 10-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) in Chinese undergraduates and depressive patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 261, 211-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.018
Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The connor‐davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
Dehghani, A., Dashtestannejad, A., Botshekan, Z., & Akhavan, S. (2020). Effects of acceptance-action and rumination on women’s sexual function mediated by stress tolerance. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 18(1), 61-72. http://sjsph.tums.ac.ir/article-1-5862-en.html (In Persian)
Ghorbani, N., Watson, P. J., & Hargis, M. B. (2008). Integrative self-knowledge: Correlations and incremental validity of a cross-cultural measure developed in Iran and the United States. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied. 142, 395-412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/JRPL.142.4.395-412
Goleman, D. (2007). Social Intelligence: the new science of human relationships. New York: Random House
Hashem, E. S. A. (2021). Self-regulation and its relationship to social intelligence among college of education female students at Prince Sattam University. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(2), 865-879. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.10.2.865
He, F. X., Turnbull, B., Kirshbaum, M. N., Phillips, B., & Klainin-Yobas, P. (2018). Assessing stress, protective factors and psychological well-being among undergraduate nursing students. Nurse education today, 68, 4-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.05.013
Hooda, D., Sharma, N., & Yadava, A. (2009). Social Intelligence as a predictor of positive psychological health. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 35(1), 143-150. https://jiaap.in/social-intelligence-as-a-predictor-of-positive-psychological-health/
Joseph, S., Maltby, J., Wood, A. M., Stockton, H., Hunt, N., & Regel, S. (2012). The psychological well-being post-traumatic changes questionnaire (PWB-PTCQ): Reliability and validity. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 4(4), 420-428. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024740
Khanjani, M., Shahidi, S., Fathabadi, J., Mazaheri, M. A., & Shokri, O. (2014). Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Ryff’s scale of psychological well-being, short form (18-item) among male and female students. Thoughts and Behavior in Clinical Psychology, 9(32), 27-36. https://sanad.iau.ir/en/Journal/jtbcp/Article/1118221 (In Persian)
Li, Z. S., & Hasson, F. (2020). Resilience, stress, and psychological well-being in nursing students: A systematic review. Nurse Education Today, 90, 104440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104440
Liu, Y., Jiang, T. T., & Shi, T. Y. (2020). The relationship among rumination, coping strategies, and subjective well-being in Chinese patients with breast cancer: a cross-sectional study. Asian Nursing Research, 14(4), 206-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2020.07.005
Loflin, D. C., & Barry, C. T. (2016). ‘You can't sit with us:’ Gender and the differential roles of social intelligence and peer status in adolescent relational aggression. Personality and Individual Differences 91, 22-26. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.paid.2015.11.048
Moore, G. F., Cox, R., Evans, R. E., Hallingberg, B., Hawkins, J., Littlecott, H. J., ... & Murphy, S. (2018). School, peer and family relationships and adolescent substance use, subjective wellbeing and mental health symptoms in Wales: A cross-sectional study. Child Indicators Research, 11(6), 1951-1965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-017-9524-1
Rajabi, S., & Valadbeigi, P. (2016). Predicting psychological well-being on the basis of spiritual, emotional and social intelligences in Iranian’s college students. Rooyesh, 5(1), 199-216. http://frooyesh.ir/article-1-156-en.html (In Persian)
Riley, J. R., & Masten, A. S. (2005). Resilience in Context. In R. D. Peters, B. Leadbeater, & R. J. McMahon (Eds.), Resilience in children, families, and communities: Linking context to practice and policy (pp. 13–25). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-23824-7_2
Rostami, N. (2014). Investigating the relationship between social intelligence and tax payers' satisfaction in Kermanshah city. Master's thesis. Islamic Azad university. Kermanshah unit.) In Persian)
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10. 1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4, 99–104 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772395
Ryff, C. D. (2018). Eudaimonic well‐being: Highlights from 25 years of inquiry. In Diversity in harmony–insights from psychology: Proceedings of the 31st International Congress of Psychology. 375-395. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119362081.ch20
Silvera, D. H., Martinussen, M., & Dahl, T. I. (2001). “The tromsø social intelligence scale, a self-report measure of social intelligence”. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42, 313-319. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/1467-9450.00242
Sood, S., & Sharma, A. (2020). Resilience and psychological well-being of higher education students during COVID-19: The mediating role of perceived distress. Journal of Health Management, 22(4), 606-617. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972063420983111
Sun, X., Chan, D. W., & Chan, L. (2016). Self-compassion and psychological well-being among adolescents in Hong Kong: Exploring gender differences. Personality and Individual Differences , 101, 288–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.011
Weis, S., & Süß, H. M. (2007). Reviving the search for social intelligence–A multitrait-multimethod study of its structure and construct validity. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(1), 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.04.027
Weiss-Goldman, N. (2018). Psychopharmacology of the rage attack phenomenon in a child with obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psycho Pharmacology, 28(5), 360-362.  https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2018.29150.bjc
Wozniak, J. D., Caudle, H. E., Harding, K., Vieselmeyer, J., & Mezulis, A. H. (2020). The effect of trauma proximity and ruminative response styles on posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth following a university shooting. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy,12(3), 227-234. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000505
Yıldırım, M., & Arslan, G. (2022). Exploring the associations between resilience, dispositional hope, preventive behaviours, subjective well-being, and psychological health among adults during early stage of COVID-19. Current psychology, 41(8), 5712–5722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01177-2
Zamani, Hossein (1400). Examining the behavioral model of mindfulness, time perspective and the meaning of life with psychological well-being: through the mediation of brain-behavioral systems in Urmia University students, Master's Thesis, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, Urmia University.) In Persian)
Zelazo, P. D., Müller, U., Frye, D., Marcovitch, S., Argitis, G., Boseovski, J., Chiang, J. K., Hongwanishkul, D., Schuster, B. V., & Sutherland, A. (2003). The development of executive function in early childhood. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 68(3), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2003.06803002.x
Journal of Applied Psychological Research

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof
Available Online from 09 April 2025

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 14 May 2023
  • Revise Date: 01 July 2023
  • Accept Date: 01 August 2023
  • First Publish Date: 20 September 2023
  • Publish Date: 09 April 2025

Share

How to cite

Statistics