سوگواری در تنهایی و تبیین حمایت اجتماعی پس از فقدان‌های تروماتیک در دوران کووید-19: مطالعه‌ای کیفی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری مشاوره، گروه مشاوره، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی ، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

2 دانشیار،گروه مشاوره، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی ، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مشاوره، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، تبیین تجربۀ حمایت اجتماعی پس از فقدان‌های تروماتیک در شرایط محدودیت در مراسم سوگواری بود. این مطالعۀ کیفی به روش نظریۀ داده‌بنیاد (گراندد تئوری) و از نوع سازه‌گرایی اجتماعی انجام شد. جامعۀ پژوهش شامل تمامی جوانان از سراسر ایران (بیشتر از 18 سال) در سال 1401 بود که مواجهه با فقدان تروماتیک در شرایط اضطرار همه‌گیری کووید-19 و عدم برگزاری سوگواری را تجربه کرده‌اند. براساس نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و نظری تا رسیدن به مرز اشباع داده‌ها 32 نفر انتخاب شدند و در مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافته مشارکت کردند. به‌منظور تحلیل داده‌ها از روش کدگذاری سه مرحله‌ای چارمز استفاده شد. یافته‌ها در قالب چهار مضمون اصلی چالش در جستجوی حمایت اجتماعی، روش‌های جستجوی حمایت اجتماعی، راه‌های جایگزین حمایت اجتماعی و مؤثرترین حمایت اجتماعی همراه با 9 مقولۀ خرد استخراج شد. براساس یافته‌ها، اگرچه محدودیت‌های ارتباط اجتماعی در شرایط اضطراری، فرایند طبیعی سوگ را پیچیده‌تر می‌کند، اما بازتعریف حمایت اجتماعی در چنین موقعیت‌هایی می‌تواند روش‌های مقابلۀ جدیدی برای سوگواران ترومادیده ایجاد کند. از همین رو، پیشنهاد می‌شود از نتایج این پژوهش در تهیۀ پروتکل‌های مداخله‌ای برای تسهیل فرایند سوگواری پس از چنین فقدان‌هایی در شرایط اضطراری استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Mourning Alone and the Explanation of Social Support after Traumatic Loss During COVID-19: A Qualitative Study Abstract

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Asgari 1
  • Azam Naghavi 2
  • Mohammadreza Abedi 3
1 Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 Department of Counseling. Faculty of Education and Psychology. University of Isfahan. Isfahan. Iran.
3 Department of counselling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The present study aimed to elucidate the experience of social support in the a​ftermath of a traumatic loss, during which the bereavement ceremony was prohibited. The study was conducted using a research method that combined social constructivism and grounded theory. Participants included all Iranian youth (over 18) in 2022 who experienced a traumatic loss and encountered restrictions in organizing memorials during the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 individuals, who were selected through purposeful and theoretical sampling. Charmez’s three-step coding method was implemented to analyze the data. The data was analyzed to extract four primary themes: the challenge in seeking social support, ways of seeking social support, alternative methods of social support, and the most effective social support along with 9 sub-categories. Additionally, nine subcategories were identified. The results indicate that the process of grief was further complicated by the communication limitations during emergencies. However, the redefinition of social support in such situations has the potential to develop novel coping methods for traumatized mourners. Therefore, it is advised that the results of this study be applied to the development of intervention protocols to expedite the bereavement process in the aftermath of such losses in emergency situations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mourning
  • Social Support
  • Social Constructivism
  • Traumatic Loss

مراجع

زارعان، م.، کاکاوند، ع.، و حکمی، م. (1394)، مقایسۀ کفایت اجتماعی، حمایت اجتماعی ادراک‌شده، بهزیستی روان‌شناختی و احساس خودکارآمدی زنان متقاضی سقط‌جنین وزنان غیر متقاضی. دومین کنفرانس بین‌المللی پژوهش در علوم و تکنولوژی، 24 اسفند 1394، استانبول، ترکیه. https://www.sid.ir/paper/863734/fa
عظیم‌اوغلی‌اسکویی، پ.، فرحبخش، ک.، و مرادی، ا. (1400). زمینه‌های مؤثر در تجربه سوگ بعد از مرگ عضو خانواده: یک مطالعۀ پدیدارشناسانه. فصلنامۀ فرهنگ مشاوره و روان‌درمانی. 12(45)، 160-117. https://doi.org/10.22054/qccpc.2020.48664.2275
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فصل‌نامه پژوهش‌های کاربردی روانشناختی
دوره 15، شماره 3
آبان 1403
صفحه 229-248

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 خرداد 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 03 مرداد 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 24 مرداد 1401
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 10 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ انتشار: 29 مهر 1403

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