ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی نسخۀ فارسی مقیاس ارزیابی تاب‌آوری (RES)

عبدالمحمدی, کریم; علیمحمدی, عسگر; غدیری صورمان‌آبادی, فرهاد

doi:10.22059/japr.2025.376367.644923

ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی نسخۀ فارسی مقیاس ارزیابی تاب‌آوری (RES)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

کریم عبدالمحمدی ¹

عسگر علیمحمدی ²

فرهاد غدیری صورمان‌آبادی ³

¹ استادیار، گروه روا‌ن‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم‌تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران.

² گروه روان‌شناسی و آموزش کودکان استثنائی، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

³ گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

10.22059/japr.2025.376367.644923

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی مقیاس ارزیابی تاب‌آوری (RES) انجام شد. روش پژوهش توصیفی و از نوع پژوهش‌های هنجاریابی بود. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش را کلیۀ افراد 25 تا 50 سال ساکن در استان آذربایجان شرقی در سال 1402 تشکیل می‌دادند. از این جامعه، به روش نمونهگیری دردسترس 313 نفر انتخاب شدند که از این تعداد، 92 نفر مرد (4/29 درصد) و 221 نفر زن (6/70 درصد) بودند. پس از ترجمه و اخذ نظرات کارشناسان، روایی صوری و محتوایی مقیاس تأیید شد. شرکت‌کنندگان مقیاس ارزیابی تاب‌آوری (RES) و مقیاس تاب‌آوری (CD-RTSC) را تکمیل کردند. مقیاس تاب‌آوری کانر و دیویدسون با هدف بررسی روایی همگرای مقیاس ارزیابی تاب‌آوری مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. برای تحلیل داده‌ها گام‌هایی شامل تحلیل‌عاملی ‌اکتشافی، تحلیل‌عاملی ‌تأییدی، محاسبۀ پایایی و روایی ملاکی در نرمافزار Lisrel-8 و SPSS-25 طی شد. نتایج تحلیل‌عاملی تأییدی نشان داد ساختار دوعاملی مقیاس با دادهها برازش مطلوبی دارد. مقادیر ضرایب همسانی درونی مقیاس ارزیابی تاب‌آوری برای عامل اول (خودکارآمدی) 0/71 و عامل دوم (اعتمادبه‌نفس) 0/73 به‌دست آمد. همچنین آزمون همبستگی پیرسون پرسشنامۀ تاب‌آوری کانر و دیویدسون مشخص کرد پرسشنامۀ RES از روایی ملاکی مطلوبی برخوردار است. درمجموع، براساس نتایج، RES برای سنجش تاب‌آوری روان‌شناختی ابزاری روا و پایا است. این ابزار می‌تواند برای سنجش تاب‌آوری در زمینه‌های پژوهشی و درمانی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اعتمادبه‌نفس

تاب‌آوری

خودکارآمدی

ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی

عنوان مقاله English

Psychometric Characteristics of the Persian Version of the Resilience Evaluation Scale (RES)

نویسندگان English

Karim Abdolmohammadi ¹

Asgar Alimohamadi ²

Farhad Ghadiri Sourman Abadi Ghadiri Sourman Abadi ³

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran

² Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.

³ Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

چکیده English

This research aimed to evaluate the psychometric features of the Resilience Evaluation Scale (RES). The research employed a methodology that combined descriptive and psychometric properties. The population consisted of all adults with 25-50 years old residing in the East Azerbaijan province in the year 2023. The convenience sampling method was employed to select 313 individuals, of whom 92 were male (29.4%) and 221 were female (70.6%). The scale’s content and face validity were verified following the scale and feedback from experts. Resilience Evaluation Scale (RES) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were completed by the participants. The convergent validity of the RES was evaluated using the CD-RISC. The data was analyzed using Lisrel-8 and SPSS-25 software, which included exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), criterion validity, and reliability. The two-factor structure of the scale was found to be a reasonable fit with the data in the sample, as indicated by the CFA results. The internal consistency coefficients for the RES were 0.71 for the first factor (self-efficacy) and 0.73 for the second factor (self-confidence). Additionally, the RES questionnaire demonstrated high criterion validity through Pearson’s correlation test, which was conducted using Connor and Davidson's resilience questionnaire. In conclusion, the results of the current investigation indicate that the RES is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring resilience. This tool is applicable in both research and clinical settings to assess psychological resilience.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Psychometric Properties

Resilience

Self-Confidence

Self-Efficacy

فراهانی، م.، حمیدی پور، ر و حیدری، ح. (1399). اثربخشی درمان راه‌حل‌محور بومی براساس روایات مادران دارای فرزند کم‌توان ذهنی بر تاب‌آوری آنان. تحقیقات علوم رفتاری. ۱۸(۴)، ۵۰9-۵۰3. http://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-856-fa.html

ظریفی، م.، هنری، ح و بحرالعلوم، ح. (1395). ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی و هنجاریابی نسخۀ فارسی پرسش‌نامۀ تاب‌آوری در دانش‌آموزان و دانشجویان ورزشکار و غیرورزشکار. مطالعات روان‌شناسی ورزشی، 5(15)، 150-131. https://doi.org/10.22089/spsyj.2016.604

References

Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28(2), 117–148. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2802_3.

Benight, C. C., & Bandura, A. (2004). Social cognitive theory of posttraumatic recovery: The role of perceived self-efficacy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42(10), 1129–1148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2003.08.008.

Biggs, A., Brough, P., & Drummond, S. (2017). Lazarus and Folkman's psychological stress and coping theory. In C. L. Cooper & J. C. Quick (Eds.), The handbook of stress and health: A guide to research and practice (pp. 351–364). Wiley Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118993811.ch21

Browne, M. W. (2001). An overview of analytic rotation in exploratory factor analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 36(1), 111-150. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327906MBR3601_05

Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113

De la Fuente, J., Fernández-Cabezas, M., Cambil, M., … & Artuch-Garde, R. (2017). Linear relationship between resilience, learning approaches, and coping strategies to predict achievement in undergraduate students. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1039. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01039

Denckla, C. A., Cicchetti, D., Kubzansky, L. D., … & Koenen, K. C. (2020). Psychological resilience: An update on definitions, a critical appraisal, and research recommendations. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11(1), 1822064. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1822064

Farahani, M., Hamidipoor, R., Heidari, H. (2021). Effectiveness of native solution-focused therapy based on narrations of mothers with mentally retarded children on their resilience. Journal of Research in Behavioral Sciences, 18(4), 503-509. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/rbs.18.4.503 (In Persian)

George, D., & Mallery, M. (2011). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple study guide and reference, 17.0 Update, (10th ed.). Pearson Education India; https://www.amazon.com/SPSS-Windows-Step-Simple-Reference/dp/0205755615

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., Ray, S. (2021). Evaluation of reflective measurement models. In Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R. Classroom Companion: Business (pp. 75-90). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7_4

Hu, L. & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut-off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

Jorgensen, I. E., & Seedat, S. (2008). Factor structure of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in South African Adolescents. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 20 (1), 23–32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18540281

Julian, M., Cheadle, A. C., Knudsen, K. S., Bilder, R. M., & Dunkel Schetter, C. (2022). Resilience resources scale: A brief resilience measure validated with undergraduate students. Journal of American College Health, 70(5), 1434-1443. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2020.1802283

Ke, G. N., Grajfoner, D., Wong, R. M. M., ... & Lee, S. C. (2022). Building the positive emotion-resilience-coping efficacy model for COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 764811. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.764811

Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). New York: The Guilford Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2015-56948-000

Lazarus, R. S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw-Hill. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1966-35050-000

Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping (Vol. 464). New York: Springer.

Li, J., Chen, Y. P., Zhang, J., Lv, M. M., … & Zhang, J. P. (2020). The mediating role of resilience and self-esteem between life events and coping styles among rural left-behind adolescents in China: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 560556. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.560556.

Magruder, K. M., McLaughlin, K. A., & Elmore Borbon, D. L. (2017). Trauma is a public health issue. European Journal of Psycho Traumatology, 8(1), 1375338. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2017.1375338

Masten, A. S., Lucke, C. M., Nelson, K. M., & Stallworthy, I. C. (2021). Resilience in development and psychopathology: Multisystem perspectives. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 17, 521–549. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-120307

Primasari, I., Hoeboer, C. M., Bakker, A., & Olff, M. (2022). Validation of the Indonesian Resilience Evaluation Scale in an undergraduate student population. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 2410. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14769-3

Qing, Y., Bakker, A., van der Meer, C. A. I., te Brake, H., & Olff, M. (2022). Assessing psychological resilience: Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the Resilience Evaluation Scale (RES). European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 13(2), 2133358. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2022.2133358

Rolstad, S., Adler, J., & Rydén, A. (2011). Response burden and questionnaire length: Is shorter better? A review and meta-analysis. Value in Health, 14(8), 1101-1108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2011.06.003

Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The Brief Resilience Scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972.

Southwick, S. M., Bonanno, G. A., Masten, A. S., Panter-Brick, C., & Yehuda, R. (2014). Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: Interdisciplinary perspectives. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5, 25338. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338

van der Meer, C. A. I., Te Brake, H., van der Aa, N., Dashtgard, P., Bakker, A., & Olff, M. (2018). Assessing psychological resilience: Development and psychometric properties of the English and Dutch version of the Resilience Evaluation Scale (RES). Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 169. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00169

Velickovic, K., Rahm Hallberg, I., Axelsson, U., … & Månsson, J. (2020). Psychometric properties of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a non-clinical population in Sweden. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18, 132. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01383-3

Wambua, G. N., Kilian, S., Ntlantsana, V., & Chiliza, B. (2020). The association between resilience and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113374

Windle, G., Markland, D. A., & Woods, R. T. (2008). Examination of a theoretical model of psychological resilience in older age. Aging & Mental Health, 12(3), 285–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860802120763

Wu, Y., Yu, W., Wu, X., Wan, H., Wang, Y., & Lu, G. (2020). Psychological resilience and positive coping styles among Chinese undergraduate students: A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychology, 8, 79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00444-y

Yu, X., & Zhang, J. (2007). Factor analysis and psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) with Chinese people. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 35(1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2007.35.1.19

Zarifi, M., Honari, H., & Bahrololom, H. (2016). Psychometrics properties and normalization of Persian version of Resiliency Questionnaire among athletes and non-athletes’ students. Sport Psychology Studies, 5(15), 131-150.