فصل‌نامه پژوهش‌های کاربردی روانشناختی

مطالعۀ کیفی تجربۀ سازگاری روان‌شناختی در نابینایی تروماتیک: عوامل پیش‌آیندی و پیامدی آن در نابینایان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 گروه روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف تجربۀ شناسایی فرایند سازگاری روان‌شناختی در نابینایی تروماتیک به شیوۀ کیفی و با روش نظریۀ داده مبنا انجام گرفت. جامعۀ آماری در این پژوهش، جوانان 20 تا 40 سالۀ ساکن شهر تهران بودند که بینایی خود را به‌طور ناگهانی و تروماتیک از دست داده‌اند و در سال 1401 مطالعه شدند. نمونه شامل 12 نابینای تروماتیک بود که به شیوۀ نظری و شرط اشباع تعیین شدند. از مصاحبۀ عمیق نیمه‌ساخت‌یافته برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها استفاده شد. تحلیل مضامین در این پژوهش با نرم‌افزار MAXQDA (نسخۀ 10) انجام گرفت. مضامین استخراج‌شده طی سه مرحله تحلیل شدند. اعتبار کدگذاری با شیوۀ کثرت‌گرایی پژوهشگر (75/0) و کثرت‌گرایی در شیوه (78/0) تأیید شد. درمجموع 443 کد باز در 91 کد محوری و زیر 24 مضمون فراگیر سازمان‌دهی شدند. کدگذاری گزینشی برای استخراج مدل پارادایمی نشان داد سازگاری با نابینایی تروماتیک به‌عنوان پدیدۀ محوری شامل ترس و تردید، تجربۀ افسردگی، کشمکش، رنجش و بار تغییر سناریوی زندگی است. این پدیده تحت تأثیر اندوخته‌های پیش از وقوع نابینایی، کیفیت تروما، رخدادهای همایند و زمینۀ شخصیتی فرد نابینا در بستر خانواده، شبکۀ ارتباطی و جامعه رخ می‌دهد. انگیزۀ فرد و نحوۀ تعامل مراقبان دو عامل اصلی مداخله‌کننده در فرایند سازگاری هستند. معنادهی، بازآفرینی سبک زندگی، اجتناب تجربی، افزایش کارآمدی، پیوند با همنوع، نظام باورها و مدیریت رنج مهم‌ترین راهبردهای سازگاری بودند که می‌توانند به درماندگی یا بازگشت به زندگی بینجامند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Qualitative Study of Psychological Adaptation in Traumatic Blindness: Antecedent and Consequential Factors in the Blind

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Rahiminezhad Rahiminezhad 1
  • Homayoon Shahmoradi 2
  • Reza Rostami 2
  • Elaheh Hejazi 3

1 Associate Professor Department of Psychology, psychology and Educational Science Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

3 2. Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The objective of this study was to investigate the psychological adaptation process to traumatic blindness through a qualitative approach based on grounded theory. The study population was composed of young adults aged 20 to 40 who resided in Tehran and had experienced a sudden and traumatic loss of vision in 2022. The sample included 12 individuals who had experienced traumatic blindness and were selected through theoretical sampling until data saturation was achieved. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Interviews typically lasted between 90 and 120 minutes. MAXQDA-10 was employed to derive themes at three levels. Coding validity was proven both by another coder (inter-coder agreement) (0.75) and a recoding by the researcher (re-coding the data using a different approach) (0.78). Under 24 themes, there were 443 codes in 91 central categories. The phenomenon of psychological adaptation to traumatic blindness encompassed the following: fear, hesitation, depression, challenge, irritation, and the difficulty of adapting to a new life scenario. In the context of family, relations, and society, gains prior to the trauma, the trauma modality, concomitant events, and personality were casual conditions. Motivation and the behavior of care providers were recognized as interveningfactors. The primary strategies employed in the adaptation process were the following: making, recreation life style, emotional avoidance, enhanced efficacy, bonding with partners, belief system, and pain management. Traumatic blinds either regain consciousness or become despondent and defenseless as a consequence of their adaptation efforts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grounded Theory
  • Psychological Adaptation
  • Traumatic Blindness
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فصل‌نامه پژوهش‌های کاربردی روانشناختی
دوره 16، شماره 3
مهر 1404
  • تاریخ دریافت: 19 بهمن 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 14 آبان 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 20 دی 1402
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 22 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 مهر 1404