1استاد روانشناسی بالینی. دانشکده روانشناسی و الوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران
2کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
3دانشجوی دکترای روانشناسی عمومی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران
4کارشنات ارشد روانشناسی بالینی کودک و نوجوان، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
5دکترای تخصصی روانشناسی و آموزش کودکان استثنایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی. واحد یزد
چکیده
تکانشوری، گرایش به انجام رفتار ناگهانی و فاقد دوراندیشی، از مولفههای تعیینکننده تعدادی از اختلالهای روانپزشکی است. ابعاد تکانشوری شامل بی برنامگی، تکانشوری حرکتی و تکانشوری شناختی هر یک به نحوی تعیینکننده جنبههایی از افسردگی و اختلالهای اضطرابی هستند. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، مقایسه ویژگیهای تکانشوری بیماران مبتلا به افسردگی و اختلالهای اضطرابی و افراد عادی بود. این مقایسه، تفاوت سطوح تکانشوری سه گروه شرکت کننده در این پژوهش را نشان داد. تعداد 224 نفر (87 افسرده، 64 مضطرب، 73 عادی) از مبتلایان و جمعیت عمومی به صورت داوطلب در این پژوهش شرکت کردند. علاوه بر تشخیص روانپزشکی نوع اختلال، از شرکت کنندگان خواسته شد تا مقیاس تکانشوری بارات (BIS؛ بارات، 1994) را تکمیل کنند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که افراد افسرده به طور معنادار بیش از افراد مضطرب و عادی تکانشوری حرکتی و بی برنامگی دارند و افراد مضطرب به طور معنادار بیش از افراد افسرده تکانشوری شناختی و بیش از افراد عادی تکانشوری شناختی و بی برنامگی دارند. سطوح تکانشوری افراد عادی در هر سه بعد کمتر از افراد افسرده و مضطرب بود. مقایسه ابعاد تکانشوری بیماران و افراد عادی، احتمال تاثیرگذاری تکانشوری بر شکلگیری و یا تداوم افسردگی و اختلالهای اضطرابی را تایید میکند. تفاوت سطوح و ابعاد تکانشوری بیماران افسرده و مضطرب نیز میتواند تفاوت در نوع اختلال روانشناختی را در این دو گروه توجیه کند.
Comparative study of impulsiveness in patients with major depression, anxiety disorders, and normal individuals
نویسندگان [English]
Mohammad Ali Besharat1؛ Mohammad Reza Nikfarjam2؛ Kourosh Mohammadi Hasel3؛ Abbas Zabihzadeh4؛ Mohamad Hosein Fallah5
1University of Tehran
چکیده [English]
Impulsiveness, the individual's tendency to respond quickly to a given stimulus without reflectivity and evaluation of the consequences, is considered as a determinant component of several psychiatric disorders. Dimensions of impulsiveness including lack of discipline, motor impulsiveness, and cognitive impulsiveness could influence different aspects of depression and anxiety disorders. The main aim of this study was to compare impulsiveness in patients with major depression and anxiety disorders with and normal individuals. This study demonstrates the differences of impulsivity among the three attending groups in this study. A total of 224 individuals (87 depressed, 64 anxious, 73 normal) participated in this study voluntarily. Following a psychiatric diagnosis of the psychological disorders, both the patient and normal groups were asked to complete the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS; Barratt, 1994). The results revealed that depressed patients reported significantly higher levels of motor impulsiveness and lack of descipline than did anxious patients and normal individuals. Anxious patients reported higher levels of cognitive impulsiveness than did depressed patients as well as higher levels of cognitive impulsiveness and lack of discipline than did normal individuals. Normal individuals reported lower levels of impulsiveness than did the two groups of depressed and anxious patients. Comparison of dimensions of impulsiveness in patients and normal individuals provides evidence of the possible impact of pathological impulsivity on the development and/or continuity of depression and anxiety disorders. The difference between levels and dimensions of impulsiveness of the two groups of depressed and anxious patients also could explain their differences in terms of the kind of psychological disorders.
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