تأثیر تمرین مهارت‌های روانشناختی بر استحکام ذهنی دوندگان سرعت نخبه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه روانشناسی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه روانشناسی ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ئرزشی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

استحکام ذهنی اغلب اساسی برای اجرای ورزشی در سطح بالا مطرح شده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر بخشی یک دوره تمرین مهارت‌های روانشناختی بر استحکام ذهنی در دوندگان سرعت نخبه بود. پژوهش حاضر، نیمه تجربی و با استفاده از طرح پیش­آزمون و پس­آزمون با گروه تجربی و کنترل انجام‌شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل تمام دوندگان ­سرعت نخبه استان خوزستان با دامنه سنی 18 تا 29 سال بود که 30 دونده­ سرعت نخبه به طور تصادفی در گروه تجربی و کنترل (هر گروه 15 نفر) قرارگرفتند. جهت سنجش استحکام ذهنی از پرسشنامه استحکام ذهنی ورزشی استفاده شده است. داده ها از طریق نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 20 تجزیه و تحلیل شد. نتایج آزمون آماری تحلیل کوواریانس، افزایش معناداری را در استحکام ذهنی و خرده مقیاس های اطمینان، پایداری و کنترل پس از هشت هفته تمرین مهارت‌های روانشناختی گروه تجربی نسبت به گروه کنترل نشان داد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر بیانگر اثر بخشی تمرین مهارت‌های روانشناختی بر رشد و بهبود استحکام ذهنی در ورزشکاران بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Psychological Skills Training On Mental Toughness In Elite Sprinters

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdolah Taheri Naiyam 1
  • Hasan GHarayagh zandi 2
  • Mohammad Khabiri 3
1 Sport Psychology, Faculty Of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Univercity Of Tehran
2 Sport Psychology, Faculty Of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Univercity Of Tehran
3
چکیده [English]

Mental toughness Often considered fundamental for high level sporting performance. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of 8-week psychological skills training on mental toughness in elite sprinters. This study was a quasi-experimental study by pretest-posttest design with a control group. Statistical group comprised all men sprinters with an age range of 18-29 years in Khuzestan Province. To do this test, 30 male elite sprinters were randomly allocated into experimental and control groups(15 in each). We used Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ(. The results were analyzed with SPSS 20. The findings showed significant development in mental toughness and confidence, constancy and control subscales, in experimental group to comparison with the control group after 8 weeks of psychological skills training The results of this study showed the effectiveness of psychological skills training on growth and improvement of mental toughness in athletes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Psychological Skills
  • Mental Toughness
  • Sprinter
Abedini, Y. (2016). The impact of mental imagery combined with physical exercise on learning and retention of psychomotor skills. Applied Psychological Research Quarterly, 7(2),167-177. (in Persian).
Anthony, D. R., Gordon, S., Gucciardi, D. F., & Dawson, B. (2018). Adapting a behavioral coaching framework for mental toughness development. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 9(1), 32-50.
Burton, D., & Raedeke, T. D. (2008). Sport psychology for coaches: Human Kinetics.
Chen, M. A., & Cheesman, D. J.(2013). Mental Toughness of Mixed Martial Arts Athletes at Different Levels of Competition. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 116(3), 905-917. doi:10.2466/29.30.Pms.116.3.905-917
Connaughton, D., Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (2010). The development and maintenance of mental toughness in the world’s best performers. The Sport Psychologist, 24(2), 168-193.
Crust, L. (2008). A review and conceptual re-examination of mental toughness: Implications for future researchers. Personality and Individual Differences, 45,(7) 576-583.
Crust, L., & Azadi, K. (2010). Mental toughness and athletes' use of psychological strategies. European Journal of Sport Science, 10(1), 43-51.
Crust, L., & Clough, P. J. (2011). Developing mental toughness: From research to practice. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2(1), 21-32.
Crust, L., Keegan, R., Piggott, D., & Swann, C. (2011). Walking the Walk: A Phenomenological Study of Long Distance Walking. Journal of applied sport psychology, 23(3), 243-262. doi:10.1080/10413200.2010.548848
de Guast, V. d. B., Golby, J., Van Wersch, A., & d’Arripe-Longueville, F. (2013). Psychological skills training of an elite wheelchair water-skiing athlete: a single-case study. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 30(4), 351-372.
Geikie, T. L. (2016). The Relationship between Young Athletes' Imagery Use and Mental Toughness.
Gucciardi, D. F., & Jones, M. I. (2012). Beyond optimal performance: Mental toughness profiles and developmental success in adolescent cricketers. Journal of sport and exercise psychology, 34(1), 16-36.
Hemmings, B. (2011). Sport psychology and the English golf union: A case study of a winter elite squad support programme.
Jones, G., Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2007). A framework of mental toughness in the world’s best performers. The Sport Psychologist, 21(2), 243-264.
Kashani, V. (2012). Validity and reliability of the Persian version of sport mental toughness questionnaire (SMTQ). journal of motor behavior. (in Persian).
LeUnes, A. D. (2008). Sport Psychology (4 Ed.). New York: PsyPress/ Tayl or & Francis.
Lim, T., & O’Sullivan, D. M. (2016). Case Study of Mental Skills Training for a Taekwondo Olympian. Journal of human kinetics, 50(1), 235-245.
Loehr, J. (1982). Mental toughness training for sports: Achieving athletic excellence: Plume.
Mahoney, J., Ntoumanis, N., Mallett, C., & Gucciardi, D. (2014). The motivational antecedents of the development of mental toughness: A self-determination theory perspective. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7,(1) 184-197.
Marshall, E., & Gibson, A.-M. (2017). The effect of an imagery training intervention on self-confidence and anxiety in acrobatic gymnastics. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20, e92.
Mattie, P., & Munroe-Chandler, K. (2012). Examining the relationship between mental toughness and imagery use. Journal of applied sport psychology, 24(2), 144-156.
Nicholls, A., Jones, C., Polman, R., & Borkoles, E. (2009). Acute sport‐related stressors, coping, and emotion among professional rugby union players during training and matches. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 19(1), 113-120.
Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C., Levy, A. R., & Backhouse, S. H. (2008). Mental toughness, optimism, pessimism, and coping among athletes. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(5), 1182-1192.
Ong, N. C., & Griva, K. (2016). The effect of mental skills training on competitive anxiety in schoolboy rugby players. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1-13.
Quinn, C. A. (2012). Effects of Psychological Skill Training on Anxiety Levels Among Division I Female Soccer Athletes. Central Connecticut State University.  
Rasti, M. A., Abubakar, Z. B., Abidin, Z. B., & Valiollah, F. (2015). The Effect of Mental Training Program on Improving Mental Toughness among Tehran High School Student Athletes. Asian Social Science, 11(28), 175.
Sheard, M. (2012). Mental toughness: The mindset behind sporting achievement: Routledge.
Sheard, M., & Golby, J. (2006). Effect of a psychological skills training program on swimming performance and positive psychological development. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 4(2), 149-169.
Sheard, M., Golby, J., & Van Wersch, A. (2009). Progress toward construct validation of the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25(3), 186-193.
Slimani, M., Hentati, A., Bouazizi, M., Boudhiba, D., Ben Amor, I., & Chéour, F. (2014). Effects of self-talk and mental training package on self-confidence and positive and negative affects in male kickboxers. IOSR J Hum Soc Sci, 19, 31-34.
Slimani, M., Taylor, L., Baker, J. S., Elleuch, A., Ayedi, F. M., Chamari, K., & Chéour, F. (2016). Effects of mental training on muscular force, hormonal and physiological changes in kickboxers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness.
Truelove, A. A. (2014). Mental toughness training intervention for collegiate track and field athletes.
Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2014). Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6E: Human Kinetics.
دوره 8، شماره 4
اسفند 1396
صفحه 161-176
  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 مرداد 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 مهر 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 16 مرداد 1396
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 اسفند 1396
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 اسفند 1396