ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی مقیاس تعلق پذیری عمومی در دانشجویان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی تربیتی، گروه روان‌شناسی مشاوره و تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 دانشیار روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، گروه روان‌شناسی مشاوره و تربیتی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، اعتباریابی و بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی مقیاس تعلق‌پذیری عمومی در دانشجویان بود. این مطالعه کاربردی، یک طرح روان‌سنجی بود و جامعه آماری آن را دانشجویان دانشگاه بیرجند در سال تحصیلی 97-1396 تشکیل می‌دادند.. طی دو مطالعه به‌ترتیب 164 نفر (108 دختر و 56 پسر) و 236 نفر (156 دختر و 80 پسر)  از دانشجویان دانشگاه بیرجند به شیوه نمونه‌گیری تصادفی چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. گردآوری  داده‌ها با مقیاس‌های تعلق‌پذیری عمومی (GBS)، احساس تنهایی اجتماعی و عاطفی بزرگ‌سالان (SELSA-S)، افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس (DASS-21) و رضایت از زندگی (LOT) بود. همسانی درونی، روایی عاملی اکتشافی، تأییدی، ملاکی، پیش‌بین و سازه با نرم‌افزارهای 16-SPSS و 24-AMOS موردبررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که مقیاس، ساختاری دوعاملی با واریانس تبییین شده 61/56 درصد دارد. تحلیل عاملی تأییدی مرتبه دوم نیز، تأیید شد. روایی همگرا و واگرای مقیاس در ارتباط با احساس تنهایی اجتماعی و روایی پیش‌بین آن در ارتباط با افسردگی و رضایت از زندگی به تأیید رسید. برحسب سن و جنسیت نیز، تفاوت معناداری به‌دست نیامد. به‌نظر می‌رسد، مقیاس تعلق‌پذیری عمومی (GBS) در دانشجویان از پایایی و روایی مناسبی برخوردار است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Psychometric Properties of the General Belongingness Scale in University Students

نویسندگان [English]

  • Talieh Saeidi Rezvani 1
  • Farhad Tanhaye Reshvanloo 1
  • Hadi Samadiye 1
  • Hossein kareshki 2
1 Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Educational sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Associate Professor in Educational Psychology, Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Educational sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

The purpose of the present study was to validate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the General Belongingness Scale in students. This applied study was adopted a psychometric design and its statistical population consisted of the students of the Birjand University in for the 2017-18the academic year1396-97. In two studies, 164 (108 girls females and 56 boysmales) and 236 (156 girls females and 80 boysmales) students of the Birjand University were selected through multi-stage random sampling. The dData were collected through using the General Belongingness Scale (GBS), The the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (Ditommaso, & [HE1] et al, 2004), the Depression, Anxiety, Stress  Scales (Lovibond & Lovibond,1995), and the Life satisfaction Test (Diener & et al,1985). The iInternal consistency, as well as the exploratory and  and confirmatory factor analyses, and the criterion, predictivefactor analysis, criterion, predictive and constructive validity was were evaluated using the SPSS.16 and AMOS.24 software. The results showed that this scale had a two-factor structure with the an explained variance explainedof 56.61%. In addition, t The second-order confirmatory factor analysis was confirmed. The convergent and divergent validity was confirmed in relation tofor social loneliness [HE2] and its predictive validity in relation tofor depression and life satisfaction were all confirmed. There wereas no significant differences based onin terms of age and gender. It seems that the General Belongingness Scale (GBS) has good reliability and validity in with students.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • General Belongingness
  • Reliability
  • Psychometric
  • Birjand University
جوکار، ب.، و سلیمی، ع. (1390). ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی فرم کوتاه مقیاس احساس تنهایی اجتماعی و عاطفی بزرگ‌سالان. مجله علوم رفتاری. 5(4)، 317-311.
صاحبی، ع.، اصغری، م. ج.، و سالاری، ر. س. (1384). اعتباریابی مقیاس افسردگی اضطراب و تنیدگی (21-DASS) برای جمعیت ایرانی. روانشناسی تحولی؛ روانشناسان ایرانی. 1(4)، 54-36.
References
Baskin, T. W., Wampold, B. E., Quintana, S. M., & Enright, R. D. (2010). Belongingness as a protective factor against loneliness and potential depression in a multicultural middle school. The Counseling Psychologist. 38(5), 626-651.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin. 117(3), 497-529.
Baumeister, R. F., & Tice, D. M. (1990). Point-counterpoints: Anxiety and social exclusion. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 9(2), 165-195.
Bentler, P. M., & Chou, C. P. (1987). Practical issues in structural modeling. Sociological Methods & Research. 16(1), 78-117.
Chen, W. C. (2003). Adolescent interpersonal relationship quantity and quality, belongingness, and loneliness. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, the Department of Educational Psychology, the University of Texas at Austin, Texas.
Choenarom, C., Williams, R. A., & Hagerty, B. M. (2005). The role of sense of belonging and social support on stress and depression in individuals with depression. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 19(1), 18-29.
Cockshaw, W. D., & Shochet, I. M. (2010). The link between belongingness and depressive symptoms: An exploration in the workplace interpersonal context. Australian Psychologist. 45(4), 283-289.
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin. 112(1), 155-159.
Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A first Course in Factor Analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cox, A. E., & Ullrich-French, S. (2010). The motivational relevance of peer and teacher relationship profiles in physical education. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 11(5), 337-344.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). Autonomy and need satisfaction in close relationships: Relationships motivation theory. In Human motivation and interpersonal relationships (53-73). Springer, Dordrecht.
Demirtaş, A. S., Yıldız, M. A., & Baytemir, K. (2017). General belongingness and basic psychological needs as predictors of self-esteem in adolescents. Journal of Educational Sciences & Psychology. 7(2), 48-58.
Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment. 49(1), 71-75.
Ditommaso, E., Brannen, C., & Best, L. A. (2004). Measurement and validity characteristics of the short version of the social and emotional loneliness scale for adults. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 64(1), 99-119.
Gailliot, M. T., & Baumeister, R. F. (2007). Self-esteem, belongingness, and worldview validation: Does belongingness exert a unique influence upon self-esteem? Journal of Researchand Personality. 41(2), 327-345.
Hagerty, B. M., & Patusky, K. (1995). Developing a measure of sense of belonging. Nursing Research. 44(1), 9-13
Hagerty, B. M., Lynch-Sauer, J., Patusky, K. L., Bouwsema, M., & Collier, P. (1992). Sense of belonging: A vital mental health concept. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 6(3), 172-177.
Hair, J. F. J., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1995). Multivariate data analysis (4th ed.). Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Kitchen, P., Williams, A., & Chowhan, J. (2012). Sense of belonging and mental health in Hamilton, Ontario: An intra-urban analysis. Social Indicators Research. 108(2), 277-297.
Landry, A. T., Kindlein, J., Trépanier, S. G., Forest, J., Zigarmi, D., Houson, D., & Brodbeck, F. C. (2016). Why individuals want money is what matters: Using self-determination theory to explain the differential relationship between motives for making money and employee psychological health. Motivation and Emotion. 40(2), 226-242.
Leary, M. R., Kelly, K. M., Cottrell, C. A., & Schreindorfer, L. S. (2013). Construct validity of the need to belong scale: Mapping the nomological network. Journal of PersonalityAssessment. 95(6), 610-624.
Leary, M. R., Kelly, K. M., Cottrell, C. A., & Schreindorfer, L. S. (2006). Individual differences in the need to belong: Mapping the nomological network. Unpublished manuscript, Wake Forest University.
Lee, R. M., & Robbins, S. B. (1995). Measuring belongingness: The social connectedness scale and the social assurance scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 42(2), 232-241.
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behavior Research and Therapy. 33(3), 335-343.
MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., & Hong S. (1999). Sample size in factor analysis. Psychological Methods. 4(1), 84-99.
Malone, G. P., Pillow, D. R., & Osman, A. (2012). The general belongingness scale (GBS): Assessing achieved belongingness. Personality and Individual Differences. 52(3), 311–316.
Maroufizadeh, S., Ghaheri, A., Samani, R. O., & Ezabadi, Z. (2016). Psychometric properties of the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) in Iranian infertile women. International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine. 14(1), 57-62.
Mellor, D., Stokes, M., Firth, L., Hayash, Y., & Cummins, R. (2008). Need for belonging, relationship satisfaction, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences. 45(3), 213-218.
Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G., & Guarino, A. J. (2016). Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation. Sage publications.
Moeller, R. W., Seehuus, M., & Peisch, V. (2020). Emotional intelligence, belongingness, and mental health in college students. Frontiers in Psychology. 11, 93.
O’Rourke, J., & Cooper, M. (2010). Lucky to be happy: A study of happiness in Australian primary students. Australian Journal of Educational & Developmental Psychology. 10, 94-107.
Ogluz-Duran, N., & Yilmaz-Sayar, D. (2016). The sense of belonging as a predictor of life goals among turkish counselor candidates. Online Journal of Counseling & Education. 5(2), 50-62.
Reilly, J. E. R., & Fitzpatrick, J. J. (2009). Perceived stress and sense of belonging in doctor of nursing practice students. Journal of Professional Nursing. 25(2), 81-86.
Robert W, R., Carol, M., & Timothy C. U. (1996). Perceptions of the school psychological environment and early adolescents' psychological and behavioral functioning in school: The mediating role of goals and belonging. Journal of Educational Psychology. 88(3), 408-422.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Self-determination theory and the role of basic psychological needs in personality and the organization of behavior. Handbook of personality: Theory and research (3rd ed, pp 654-678). New York: The Guilford Press.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Publications.
Satici, S. A., & Tekin, E. G. (2016). Psychometric properties of the general belongingness scale in Turkish youth. Current Psychology. 35(4), 625-631.
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2012). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. Psychology Press.
Spehar, I., Forest, J., & Stenseng, F. (2016). Passion for Work, Job Satisfaction, and the Mediating Role of Belongingness. Scandinavian Journal of Organizational Psychology. 8(1), 5-14.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidel, L. S. (2015). Using Multivariate Statistics., (Baloğlu, M., Çev. Ed.). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
West, S. G., Finch, J. F. & Curran, P. J. (1995). Structural equation models with non-normal variables: Problems and remedies, In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues and ... 56-75), Sage, Thousand Oaks, 1995.
Yildiz, M. A. (2017). Adaptation of general belongingness scale into Turkish for adolescents: Validity and reliability studies. Journal of Education and Training Studies. 5(2), 223-231.