بررسی رابطۀ عوامل روان‌شناختی (افسردگی، ویژگی‌های شخصیتی، حمایت عاطفی) با عملکرد حافظۀ رویدادی و معنایی در سالمندی: نقش واسطه‌ای کارکردهای اجرایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی سلامت، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استاد گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه مشاوره و روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف مطالعۀ بنیادی حاضر بررسی رابطۀ عوامل روان‌شناختی (ویژگی‌های شخصیتی، افسردگی و حمایت عاطفی) با عملکرد حافظۀ رویدادی و معنایی و بررسی نقش واسطه‌ای کارکردهای اجرایی در بزرگسالان 50 سال به بالا است. روش تحقیق همبستگی و از نوع معادلات ساختاری است. جامعۀ پژوهش مدنظر بزرگسالان 50 ساله و بالاتر ساکن تهران هستند. از این جامعه نمونه‌ای به حجم 435 نفر (299 خانم، 134 آقا و 2 نفر با جنسیت نامعلوم) به روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس در فاصلۀ زمانی مهر 93 تا اسفند 94 انتخاب شدند. به‌منظور اندازه‌گیری متغیرهای پژوهش از پرسشنامۀ شخصیتی NEO-FFI (فرم کوتاه)، زیرمقیاس افسردگی پرسشنامۀ افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس (DASS-21)، آزمون‌های حافظۀ رویدادی (EM)، سیالی واژگان (WF)، رنگ- واژۀ استروپ (SCWT)، بلوک‌های کرسی (CBT) و فراخنای ارقام روبه‌عقب (BDS) استفاده شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از روش آماری همبستگی پیرسون، آزمون بوت‌استرپ و مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) استفاده شد. داده‌ها نیز با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخۀ 16 و Mplus نسخۀ 8 تحلیل شدند. نتایج آزمون همبستگی پیرسون ارتباط بین ویژگی‌های شخصیتی روان‌رنجورخویی و گشودگی، حمایت عاطفی، حافظه فعال و فقدان بازداری با حافظۀ رویدادی و سیالی واژگان را نشان می‌دهد. براساس نتایج مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری نیز مدل اصلاح‌شده با داده‌های نمونه برازش مناسب دارد. در این مدل، ویژگی‌های شخصیتی روان‌رنجورخویی و گشودگی، حمایت عاطفی و فقدان بازداری با میانجیگری حافظۀ فعال، حافظۀ رویدادی و سیالی واژگان پیش‌بینی شده است. این مدل می‌تواند تبیین عملکرد حافظۀ رویدادی و معنایی را در سالمندان تسهیل کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the relationships between Psychological Factors (Personality Traits, Depression and Emotional Support) with Episodic and Semantic Memory in Old Age; the Mediating Role of Executive Functions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Atieh Sadat Mottaghi Ghamsari 1
  • Javad Hatami 2
  • Hadi Bahrami Ehsan 3
  • Masoud Gholamali Lavasani 4
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Psychology, psychology and Educational Science Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Psychology, psychology and Educational Science Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Psychology, psychology and Educational Science Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
4 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, Psychology and Educational Science Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of psychological factors (personality traits, depression, and emotional support) with episodic and semantic memory (word fluency), with a mediating role of executive functions in adults aged 50 years and older. This research is fundamental in terms of its objectives. The research method is correlational and structural equations. The study population is all adults aged 50 years and older living in Tehran. From this population, a sample of 435 people (299 women, 134 men and 2 people of unknown gender) was conveniently selected from September 2014 to March 2016. The NEO-FFI Personality Questionnaire (short form), Depression subscale of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) short version, episodic memory, word fluency, Stroop color word test, Corsi blocks, and reverse digit span test were used to measure the variables. Pearson correlation, bootstrap test, and structural equation modeling (SEM) methods were used to analyze the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 and Mplus-8 software. Pearson correlation test results showed the relationship of personality traits of neuroticism and openness, emotional support, working memory and inhibition loss with episodic memory and word fluency. SEM results also showed that the modified model fit the sample data well. In this model, neuroticism and openness, emotional support, and inhibition loss predicted episodic memory and word fluency with mediation of working memory: This model may facilitate the explanation of episodic memory and word fluency function in the elderly.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Episodic Memory
  • Word Fluency
  • Personality Traits
  • Executive Functions
  • Structural Equation Modeling

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فصل‌نامه پژوهش‌های کاربردی روانشناختی
دوره 12، شماره 3
آذر 1400
صفحه 17-36

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 26 آذر 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 دی 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 08 بهمن 1399
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 17 آبان 1400
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 آذر 1400

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