مقایسۀ هشیاری درون‌بدنی و توازن مبتنی بر تغییرپذیری ضربان قلب (HRV) در زنان با تمرین یوگا و گروه بدون تمرین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی شناختی، مؤسسۀ آموزش علوم شناختی، تهران، تهران.

چکیده

هدف مطالعۀ پیش‌رو، مقایسۀ دو شاخص هشیاری درون‌بدنی و توازن میان افرادی بود که تمرین یوگا را به‌صورت مرتب انجام می‌دهند و گروهی که این تمرین را انجام نمی‌دهند. این پژوهش از نوع بنیادی بود و به روش پس‌رویدادی انجام گرفت. روند کار در شهر تهران و در آزمایشگاه دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی دانشگاه تهران و طی ماه‌های فروردین و اردیبهشت ۱۴۰۱ اجرا شد. جامعۀ آماری، زنان ساکن شهر تهران بودند و نمونۀ آماری آن نیز زنانی (17n=) بودند که تمرین یوگا را به‌صورت منظم انجام می‌دادند و گروه مقایسه را زنانی (16n=) شکل دادند که این تمرین‌ها را نداشتند. از جمله ابزارهای این پژوهش «مقیاس ارزیابی چندبعدی هشیاری درون‌بدنی (عمقی) (MAIA)» بود. این مقیاس برای سنجش میزان هشیاری درون‌بدنی و زیرمقیاس‌های هشت‌گانۀ آن به‌کار رفت. علاوه بر آن از شاخص فیزیولوژیکی تغییرپذیری ضربان قلب (HRV) نیز استفاده شد تا سنجش مؤلفۀ توازن به شکلی دقیق و عینی میسر شود. درنهایت داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس (با کنترل نمرات اضطراب و افسردگی) و در نرم‌افزار IBM SPSS Statistics 26 مقایسه شدند. نتایج تحلیل آماری، تفاوت معنادار بین دو گروه در میزان هشیاری درون‌بدنی و چهار مورد از زیرمقیاس‌های آن (تنظیم توجه، خودتنظیمی، گوش‌دادن به بدن و اعتمادداشتن) را نشان داد. به این معنی که افراد گروه با تمرین یوگا در مقایسه با گروه دیگر، نسبت به احساسات درونی خود ادراک هشیارانه دارند و دارای درکی کلی از شرایط فیزیولوژیکی درونی خود هستند. نتایج مقایسۀ HRV در حالت استراحت نیز تفاوت معناداری را بین دو گروه در شاخص LF-HRV نشان داد. این یافته تفاوت فعالیت سیستم خودمختار را در دو گروه نشان می‌دهد که می‌تواند شاهدی بر تأثیر توازن باشد. کاربردهای این یافته‌ها به بحث گذاشته شده است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Interoceptive Awareness and Equanimity Based on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) Between Women Who Practice Yoga and Those Who Do Not

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Samiei 1
  • Maryam Abbasi Sooreshjani 2
  • Reza Kazemi 3
1 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The aim of the present study is to compare the two indicators of interoceptive awareness and equanimity between yoga practitioners and non-practitioners. This is fundamental research conducted using a post-event methodology. During April and May of 2022, the research was conducted in Tehran and the laboratory of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences at Tehran University. The sample consisted of women who routinely practiced yoga (n=17) and women who did not (n=16). The target population consisted of Tehran-dwelling women. Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) was among the instruments utilized in this study. This instrument was utilized to assess interoceptive awareness and its eight subscales. In addition, the physiological index of heart rate variability (HRV) was used to accurately and objectively measure the equanimity component. The obtained data were then compared using an analysis of covariance test (with anxiety and depression scores as controls) and IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software. Interoceptive awareness and four of its subscales (attention regulation, self-regulation, listening to the body, and trust differ significantly between these two groups, according to the results. This indicates that, compared to the other group, those who practice yoga have a more conscious perception of their inner emotions and a general understanding of their inner physiological conditions. LF-HRV index differed significantly between the two groups based on comparison of HRV in the quiescent state. This information demonstrates various autonomic nervous system activities, which could be interpreted as evidence for the effect of equanimity. Various applications of the results are discussed in conclusion.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Equanimity
  • Heart Rate Variability
  • Interoceptive Awareness
  • Yoga

مراجع

منابع
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فصل‌نامه پژوهش‌های کاربردی روانشناختی
دوره 14، شماره 2
1402
صفحه 125-143

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