تجربۀ زیستۀ نوجوانی در نوجوانان با تأکید بر ظرفیت ذهنی‌سازی: یک مطالعۀ کیفی پدیدارشناسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی بالینی، گروه روان‌شناسی ، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا (س)، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه روان شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، مطالعۀ تجربۀ زیستۀ نوجوانی براساس ظرفیت ذهنی‌سازی در نوجوانان بود. روش پژوهش، کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی توصیفی بود. جامعۀ مطالعه‌شده، نوجوانان 15 تا 18 سالۀ شهر تهران در سال 1400 بودند. مشارکت‌کنندگان با استفاده از آزمون ذهن‌خوانی از روی تصاویر چشم‌ها (RMET) و در نظر گرفتن ملاک‌های ورود و خروج به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند. پس از اجرای مصاحبۀ عمیق نیمه‌ساختاریافته با 8 نوجوان (4 دختر و 4 پسر) شهر تهران که بیشترین و کمترین نمرات را در آزمون کسب کرده بودند، اشباع نسبی انجام شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها به روش کلایزی از نرم‌افزار MAXQDA-2020 استفاده شد و کدگذاری، خوشه‌بندی واحدهای مرتبط و استخراج مضمون‌های اصلی انجام شد. از تحلیل داده‌های مربوط به مشارکت‌کنندگان دارای ظرفیت ذهنی‌سازی زیاد، 1713 واحد معنایی، 23 مضمون فرعی و 6 مضمون اصلی و همچنین از تحلیل داده‌های مربوط به مشارکت‌کنندگان با ذهنی‌سازی اندک، 466 واحد معنایی، 18 مضمون فرعی و 5 مضمون اصلی به دست آمد. یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که نوجوانان دارای ذهنی‌سازی زیاد، از توانایی در نظر گرفتن دیدگاه دیگران، نسبی‌گرایی، خودآگاهی، حل مسئله، برقراری روابط اجتماعی متقابل و وجود ارتباط مطلوب خانوادگی بهره‌مند بودند. درمقابل، مطلق‌گرایی، ضعف در تحلیل و تبیین، تحریک‌پذیری، حل ضعیف مسئله، نگرش منفی به خود، احساس ناامنی در روابط اجتماعی و وجود تعارضات خانوادگی از یافته‌های مرتبط با نوجوانان دارای ذهنی‌سازی اندک بود. با توجه‌ به یافته‌های مطالعۀ حاضر، می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری کرد که ظرفیت ذهنی‌سازی در درک نوجوانان از دورۀ نوجوانی، رشد جنبه‌های درون‌فردی و کیفیت روابط بین‌فردی آنان نقش دارد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Phenomenological Investigation of the Lived Experience of Adolescence among Adolescents Based on the Mentalization Capacity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Hassanloo 1
  • Shaghayegh Zahraei 2
  • Azadeh Tavoli 3
1 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to examine the lived experience of adolescents in relation to their mentalization capacity during adolescence. The ongoing investigation is a descriptive phenomenological inquiry. The study cohort comprises Tehran-dwelling adolescents between the ages of fifteen and eighteen in 2021. The participants were selected using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and inclusion and exclusion criteria in accordance with purposive sampling. Saturation was comparatively achieved following a semi-structured in-depth interview with eight adolescent boys and girls (4 female and 4 male adolescents) who had obtained the highest and lowest scores on the RMET, respectively. Utilizing MAXQDA 2020, the data were analyzed using the Colaizzi method. Data was additionally coded, clustered, and thematized. By analyzing the data of the participants with the greatest capacity for mentalization, a total of 1713 codes, 23 clusters of meaning, and 6 themes were identified. An analysis of the data collected from participants with limited mentalizing capacity yielded the extraction of 466 codes, 18 clusters of meaning, and 5 themes. Adolescents with greater mentalizing capacity demonstrated problem-solving, self-awareness, perspective-taking, relativism, and positive family relationships, according to the findings. Investigations into the lived experiences of adolescents with low metalizing ability did, however, yield the following results: absolutism, inability to analyze and explain, irritability, inability to solve problems, negative self-perception, feeling unsafe in social relationships, and increased family conflicts. The results of the current investigation indicate that adolescents’ perception of adolescence is significantly influenced by mentalization, which in turn enhances their intrapersonal qualities and the quality of their interpersonal relationships.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adolescence
  • Lived Experience
  • Mentalization
  • Phenomenology
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دوره 14، شماره 3
1402
صفحه 63-82
  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 شهریور 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 08 آبان 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 آبان 1401
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 شهریور 1402
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 مهر 1402