شبکه حالت پیش‌فرض مغز: مروری بر تاریخچه، ساختار تشریحی و کارکردها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی سلامت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استاد گروه روماتولوژی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران

4 استاد گروه مهندسی برق، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

5 استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

شبکه حالت پیش‌فرض مغز (DMN) یکی از سیستم‌های مغزی در مقیاس بزرگ است که از نظر تشریحی به‌خوبی تعریف شده است. این شبکه که در حالت استراحت فعالیت بیشتری نشان می‌دهد، با پردازش افکار مستقل از محرک، افکار خودارجاعی و یادآوری خاطرات زندگی‌نامه‌ای مرتبط است. نواحی اصلی شبکه DMN شامل قشر پیش‌پیشانی میانی (mPFC)، قشر سینگولیت خلفی (PCC)، قشر آهیانه‌ای پایینی (IPL)، قشر گیجگاهی جانبی (LTC) و ساختار هیپوکامپال (HF) هستند. این شبکه از دو زیرسیستم تشکیل شده است: زیرسیستم لوب گیجگاهی میانی که داده‌هایی از تجارب قبلی فرد در اختیار می‌گذارد و زیرسیستم پیش‌پیشانی میانی که از این اطلاعات برای ایجاد افکار مستقل از محرک و مربوط به خود استفاده می­کند. مطالعات نشان می‌دهند که شبکه حالت پیش‌فرض در مقابل تجارب مختلف انعطاف­پذیری دارد و کارکرد آن در بعضی از بیماری­ها و اختلالات همچون اسکیزوفرنی، افسردگی، طیف اُتیسم و آلزایمر تغییر کرده است. از‌سوی‌دیگر، این شبکه به درمان‌های زیستی و روان‌شناختی پاسخ می‌دهد. در این مقاله پس از مروری بر تاریخچه و ساختار تشریحی شبکه حالت پیش‌فرض مغز، به کارکردها، تغییرات بهنجار طی تحول و تغییرات آن در انواع بیماری‌ها و اختلالات می‌پردازیم و در نهایت، مروری بر کاربردهای بالینی این یافته‌ها در زمینه درمان خواهیم داشت. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Brain's Default Mode Network: A Review on History, Anatomy and Functions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Rostami 1
  • Zeinab Khajavi 2
  • Abdulrahman Rostamian 3
  • Gholamali Hoseinzadeh Dehkordi 4
  • Nima Ghorbani 1
  • Hojjatollah Frahani 5
1 Department of Psychology, Faculty of psychology and Educational Science, University of Tehran
2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran
3 Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran
5 Department of Psychology, Tarbiat Modarres University
چکیده [English]

The Default Mode Network (DMN) is one of the large-scale networks of the brain that is anatomically defined well. This network that is active during rest state, is associated with stimulus-independent thought, self-reflection and autobiographical memory retrieval. The regions of DMN include medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), lateral temporal cortex (LTC) and hippocampal formation (HF). This network consists of two subsystems: the medial temporal lobe subsystem, which provides data from previous experiences and the medial prefrontal subsystem, which uses this information during the construction of self-relevant and stimulus-independent thoughts. Studies have shown that DMN have neuroplasticity in front of kinds of experiences and its function is impaired in some of the diseases and disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, autism spectrum, and Alzheimer. Also, this network is effective in biological and psychological treatments. In this article, after reviewing the history and anatomy of the DMN, the focus will be on DMN’s functions, its normal changes in development, and its changes in a variety of diseases and disorders. Finally, to the clinical application of these findings will be discussed

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • The Default Mode Network
  • Brain Rest State
  • Functional Connectivity

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فصل‌نامه پژوهش‌های کاربردی روانشناختی
دوره 10، شماره 3
آذر 1398
صفحه 47-65

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 11 آذر 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 آذر 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 26 شهریور 1398
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 آذر 1398
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 آذر 1398

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