مقیاس دوبُعدی توانایی‌های شناختی اجتماعی- غیراجتماعی: بازطراحی و مدل‌سازی براساس نظریه سؤال- پاسخ چندبُعدی، معادلات ساختاری و داده‌های شبیه‌سازی‌شده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

2 استاد روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

3 دانشیار روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی ساختار توانایی‌های شناختی دانش‌آموزان براساس پرسشنامه توانایی‌های شناختی نجاتی (1392) و ارائه مدلی برای ساختار آن بود. مطالعه حاضر به لحاظ روش، یک پژوهش توصیفی- تحلیلی و از نوع مدل‌سازی رابطه بین سؤال­ها و پاسخ­ها بود. حجم نمونه مشتمل بر 1105 دانش‌آموز (527 دختر و 578 پسر) پایه نهم تحصیلی شهر اهواز بود که به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای نسبتی انتخاب شده بودند. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نظریه سؤال- پاسخ چندبُعدی (MIRT)، مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) و داده‌های شبیه‌سازی شده (SD) انجام گرفت. نتایج تحلیل بُعدیت اکتشافی نشان داد ساختار اولیه پرسشنامه توانایی‌های شناختی (CAQ) برای دانش‌آموزان تأیید نمی­شود. پرسشنامه باز طراحی‌شده شامل 21 سؤال به‌عنوان مقیاس دوبُعدی توانایی‌های شناختی اجتماعی- غیراجتماعی نام‌گذاری شد و روایی و پایایی ابعاد و عامل‌های به‌دست آمده از آن تأیید شد. مقیاس جدید نشان داد، گرچه ساختار توانایی‌های شناختی سلسله‌مراتبی می‌باشد، اما این ساختار تک‌بُعدی نیست و حداقل شامل دوبُعد شناخت غیراجتماعی و شناخت اجتماعی می‌باشد. برخلاف نتایج پژوهش‌های پیشین، این یافته‌ها نشان داد نظریه هوش عمومی یا عامل g اسپیرمن، قادر به بازنمایی صحیح ساختار توانایی‌های شناحتی نیست و لازم است شناخت اجتماعی نیز، به‌عنوان بُعدی از توانایی‌های شناختی لحاظ شود. همچنین، نتایج این پژوهش یافته‌های برخی پژوهش‌ها مبنی بر این‌که شناخت غیراجتماعی و شناخت اجتماعی دوبُعد متفاوت توانایی‌های شناختی را تشکیل می­دهند، تأیید کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Two-Dimensional Scale of Social-Nonsocial Cognitive Abilities: Redesigning and Modeling Based on Multidimensional Item Response Theory, Structural Equations and Simulated Data

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Yazdanfar 1
  • Manijeh Shehni Yailagh 2
  • Ali Reza Haji Yakhchali 3
  • Sirous Alipour Birigani 3
1 Ph.D student in Educational Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Professor in Educational Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz,, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 Associate Professor in Educational Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of cognitive abilities of students based on the Nejati Cognitive Ability Questionnaire (2013) and offer a model for its structure. The sample size consisted of 1105 students (527 girls, 578 boys) of the 9th grade of Ahwaz, selected by proportional stratified random sampling method. Data analysis was performed using multidimensional item response theory (MIRT), structural equation modeling and simulated data. The results of exploratory dimensionality analysis showed that the initial structure of the cognitive ability questionnaire for students was not confirmed. The redesigned 21-item questionnaire was named as the two-dimensional scale of social-nonsocial cognitive abilities and the validity and reliability of the dimensions and the obtained factors were confirmed. The new scale showed that although the structure of cognitive abilities is hierarchical, it is not a unidimensional structure and contains at least two dimensions of non-social cognition and social cognition. Also, our findings showed that Spearman's theory of general intelligence or factor g cannot accurately represent the structure of cognitive abilities and social cognition needs to be considered as a dimension of cognitive abilities. Furthermore, our results also support the findings of some studies that non-social cognition and social cognition constitute two different dimensions of cognitive abilities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Two-Dimensional Scale of Cognitive Abilities
  • Social-Nonsocial Cognition
  • Multidimensional Item Response Theory
  • Simulated Data
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