نقش انگیزش والدین در انگیزش خودمختار دانش‌آموزان برای انجام تکالیف شب: آزمون مدلی بر اساس نظریه خودتعیین‌گری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

3 استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش انگیزش والدین در انگیزش خودمختاری کودکان برای انجام تکالیف شب و آزمون یک مدل بر اساس نظریه خود تعیین‌گری بود. این مطالعه از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعه آماری شامل 7260 نفر (3510 دختر و 3750 پسر) از دانش‌آموزان پایه چهارم ابتدایی مدارس دولتی شهر یزد در سال تحصیلی 96-1395 بود. نمونه پژوهش حاضر 230 دانش‌آموز (120 دختر و 110پسر) بود که از طریق نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چند‌ مرحله‌ای تصادفی انتخاب شدند. شرکت‌کنندگان مقیاس‌های انگیزش دانش‌آموزان برای انجام تکالیف (SMH)، انگیزش والدین برای کمک به تکالیف (PMHH)، نگرش والدین به تکالیف (PAH)، شایستگی درک شده والدین (PPC) و رفتار والدین در رفع نیاز فرزندان (PNSB) را تکمیل کردند. یافته‌ها نشان داد، انگیزش خودمختار والدین، نگرش والدین به انجام تکالیف فرزندان و شایستگی ادراک شده والدین بر گزارش حمایت والدین از خودمختاری اثر ساختاری مستقیم داشت. باور فرزندان در مورد حمایت خودمختارانه والدین نقش واسطه‌ای بین انگیزش خودمختار والدین، نگرش و شایستگی ادراک شده آن‌ها با انگیزش خودمختار فرزندان ایفا می‌کرد. برای رشد خودمختاری در فرزندان، نه تنها باید به انگیزش، نگرش و شایستگی والدین توجه کرد؛ بلکه باید بر درک دانش‌آموز از این ویژگی‌ها تمرکز کرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Parents' Motivation in Students' Autonomous Motivation for doing Homework:Testing a Model on Basis of Self –Determination Theory

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nina Adeli 1
  • Siavash Talepasand 2
  • Mortza Nazifi 3
1 Department of educational psychology Faculty of psychology and educational sciences Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
2 Department of educational psychology Faculty of psychology and educational sciences Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
3 Department of psychology Faculty of Human sciences ,University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of parents' motivation in students' autonomous motivation for doing homework and testing a model on basis of self –determination theory. This study was a correlational study. The statistical population included 7260 students (3510 girls and 3750 boys) from the fourth grade elementary school students of Yazd public schools in the academic year 2016-2017. Participants were 230 students who were chosen through the clustering multistage sampling method. Participants completed Students' motivation for homework (SMH), Parents' motivation for help in homework (PMHH), Parents' attitudes towards homework (PAH), Parents' perceived competence (PPC) and Parents' need supportive behavior (PNSB) The results showed that the parents’ motivations in helping the children to do their homework, the parents’ viewpoints in doing the children’s homework and finally the perceived competence by the parents, can directly influence on the report of parents’ supporting of the independence. The children’s beliefs regarding parents’ independency supporting plays a mediation role between parents’ autonomous motivation, their attitude and perceived competence with students' autonomous motivation.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Motivation
  • Attitude
  • Competence
  • Homework
Alonso-Tapia, J., & Pardo, A. (2006). Assessment of learning environment motivational quality from of point of view of secondary and high school learners. Learning and Instruction. 16(4), 295–309.
Assor, A., Kaplan, H., & Roth, G. (2002). Choice is good, but relevance is excellent: Autonomy-enhancing and suppressing teacher behaviors in predicting student’s engagement in school work. The British Journal of Educational Psychology. 72(2), 261–278.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review. 84(2), 191.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman.
Bentler P. M. (1993). EQS Structural Equations Program Manual, BMDP Statistical Software, Los Angeles, 1989. Google Scholar.
Chen, C., & Stevenson, H. W. (1989). Homework: A cross-cultural examination. Child Development. 60(3), 551–561.
Cooper, H., Lindsay, J. J., & Nye, B. (2000). Homework in the home: How student, family, and parenting-style differences relate to the homework process. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 25(4), 464–487.
Cooper, H., Lindsay, J. J., Nye, B., & Greathouse, S. (1998). Relationships among attitudes about homework, amount of homework assigned and completed, and student achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology. 90(1), 70–83.
Coutts, P. M. (2004). Meanings of homework and implications for practice. Theory into Practice. 43(3), 182–187.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality. 19(2), 109-134.
Epstein, J. L., & Van Voorhis, F. L. (2001). More than minutes: Teachers' roles in designing homework. Educational Psychologist. 36(3), 181-193.
Friedel, J., Hruda, L., & Midgley, C. (2001). When children limit their own learning the relation between perceived parent achievement goals and children’s use of avoidance behaviors. In annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Seattle WA.
Furrer, C., & Skinner, E. (2003). Sense of relatedness as a factor in children’s academic engagement and performance. Journal of Educational Psychology. 95(1), 148.
Goldenberg, C. (1989). Parents' effects on academic grouping for reading: Three case studies. American Educational Research Journal. 26(3), 329–352.
Gonzalez-DeHass, A. R., Willems, P. P., & Doan Holbein, M. F. (2005). Examining the relationship between parental involvement and student motivation. Educational Psychology Review. 17(2), 99-123.
Grolnick, W. S., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Parent styles associated with children's self-regulation and competence in school. Journal of Educational Psychology. 81(2), 143.
Grolnick, W. S., Price, C. E., Beiswenger, K. L., & Sauck, C. C. (2007). Evaluative pressure in mothers: Effects of situation, maternal, and chil characteristics on autonomy supportive versus controlling behavior. Developmental Psychology. 43(4), 991.
Grolnick, W. S., Ryan, R. M., & deci, E. L. (1991). Inner resources for school achievement: Motivational mediators of children’s perceptions of their parents. Journal of Educational Psychology. 83(4), 508.
Grolnick, W. S., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1991). The inner resources for school performance: Motivational mediators of children's perceptions of their parents. Journal of Educational Psychology. 81(2), 143.
Hewison, J. (1988). The long-term effectiveness of parental involvement in reading: A follow-up to the Haringey Reading Project. The British Journal of Educational Psychology. 58(2), 184–190.
Hill, N. E., & Craft, S. A. (2003). Parent–school involvement and school performance: Mediated pathways among socioeconomically comparable African American and Euro-American families. Journal of Educational Psychology. 95(1), 74–83.
Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., & Sandler, H. M. (1995). Parental involvement in children's education: Why does it make a difference? Teachers College Record. 97(2), 310-331.
Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., & Sandler, H. M. (1997). Why do parents become involved in their children's education? Review of Educational Research. 67(1), 3-42.
Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Battiato, A. C., Walker, J. M. T., Reed, R. P., DeJong, J. M., & Jones, K. P. (2001). Parental involvement in homework. Educational Psychologist. 36(3), 195-209.
Jackson, A. (2000). Maternal self-efficacy and children's influence on stress andparenting among single black mothers in poverty. Journal of Family Issues. 21(1), 3-16.
Johnston, C., & Mash, E. J. (1989). A measure of parenting satisfaction and efficacy. Journal of Clinical child Psychology. 18(2), 167-175.
Katz, I. Kaplan, A. Buzukashvily, T. (2011). The role of parents' motivation in students' autonomous motivation for doing homework. Learning and Individual Differences. 21(4), 376-386.
Katz, I., Kaplan, A., & Buzkashvily, T. (2011). The role of parent’s motivation in students’ autonomous motivation for doing homework. Learning and Individual Difference. 21(4), 376-386.
Katz, I., Kaplan, A., & Gueta, G. (2011). Student’s needs, teachers’ support, and motivation for doing homework: A cross-sectional study. The Journal of Experimental Education. 78(2), 246-267.
Katz, I., Kaplan, A., & Guetta, G. (2010). Students' needs, teachers' support, and motivation for doing homework: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Experimental Education. 78(2), 246-267.
Larson, R. W., & Gillman, S. (1999). Transmission of emotions in the daily interactions of single-mother families. Journal of Marriage and Family. 61(1), 21–37.
Levin, I., Levy-Shiff, R., Appelbaum-Peled, T., Katz, I., Komar, M., & Meiran, N. (1997). Antecedents and consequences of maternal involvement in children's homework: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 18(2), 207-227.
Mueller, R. O. (1996). Basic principles of structural equation modeling: An introduction to LISREL and EQS. Springer Science & Business Media.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wolfsom, A., Mumme, D., & Guskin, K. (1995). Helplessness in children of depressed and no depressed mothers. Developmental Psychology. 31(3), 377-387.
Patall, E. A., Cooper, H., & Robinson, J. C. (2008). Parent Involvement in Homework: A Research Synthesis. Review of Educational Research. 78(4), 1039-1101.
Pezdek, K., Berry, T., & Renno, P. A. (2002). Children's mathematical achievement: The role of parents' perceptions and their involvement in homework. Journal of Educational Psychology. 94(4), 771-777.
Pomerantz, E. M., Fei-Yin, N. F., & Wang, Q. (2006). Mothers ‘mastery-oriented involvement in children's homework: Implications for the well-being of children with negative perceptions of competence. Journal of Educational Psychology. 98(1), 99–111.
Pomerantz, E. M., Grolnick, W. S., & Price, C. E. (2005). The role of parents in how children approach achievement: A dynamic process perspective. In A. Elliot, & C. Dweck (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and competence (pp. 259–278). New York: Guilford.
Pomerantz, E. M., Moorman, E. A., &Litwack, S. D. (2007). The how, whom, and why of parents' involvement in children's schooling: More is not necessarily better. Review of Educational Research. 77(3), 373–410.
Reeve, J. (2009). Why teachers adopt a controlling motivating style toward students and how they can become more autonomy supportive. Educational Psychologist. 44(3), 159-178.
Reeve, J., & Jang, H. (2006). What teachers say and do to support student’s autonomy during a learning activity. Journal of Educational Psychology. 98(1), 209.
Reeve, J., Jang, H., Carrell, D., Jeon, S., & Barch, J. (2004). Enhancing Student’ engagement by increasing teachrs’ autonomy support. Motivation and Emotion. 28(2), 147-169.
Roth, G., Assor, A., Kanat-Maymon, Y., & Kaplan, H. (2006). Assessing the experience of autonomy in new cultures and contexts. Motivation and Emotion. 30(4), 361-372.
Ryan, E. M., &Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of motivation, social development, and well-being. The American Psychologist. 55(1), 68-78.
Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 57(5), 749.
Turner, L. A., & Johnson, B. (2003). A model of mastery motivation for at-risk preschoolers. Journal of Educational Psychology. 95(3), 495-505.
Walker, J. M. T., Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Whetsel, D. R., & Green, C. L. (2004). Parental involvement in homework: A review of current research and its implications for teacher, after school program staff, and parent leaders. Harvard Family Research Project retrieved from. www.gse.harvard.edu/hfrp/projects/fine/resources/homework.html.
Williams, G. C., McGregor, H. A., Zeldman, A., Freedman, Z. R., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Testing a self-determination theory process model for promoting glycemic control through diabetes self-management. Health Psychology. 23(1), 58.