اثربخشی استراحت، موسیقی و بازی‌های ویدیویی فعال بر کارکردهای اجرایی دانش‌آموزان دختر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

3 گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی آثار فعالیت‌های وقفه‌ای (استراحت با چشمان باز، گوش‌دادن به موسیقی و انجام بازی ویدیویی فعال) بر حافظۀ کاری و توجه انتخابی دانش‌آموزان دختر انجام شده است. پژوهش برحسب گردآوری اطلاعات نیمه‌تجربی و با طرح اندازه‌گیری مکرر انجام گرفت. جامعۀ آماری تحقیق شامل دانش‌آموزان دختر مقطع متوسطۀ اول شهرستان شوش دانیال با میانگین سنی 15-13 سال است که در سال تحصیلی 1399-1398 مشغول به تحصیل بوده‌اند. 36 نفر از این دانش‌آموزان به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس و هدفمند در این تحقیق شرکت کردند. برای سنجش حافظۀ کاری و توجه انتخابی به‌ترتیب از تکالیف ان-بک دو (N -B2) و آزمون رنگ-واژۀ استروپ (SWCT) استفاده شد. همچنین پرسشنامۀ اطلاعات فردی(DQ) ، پرسشنامۀ سرگردانی ذهن (MWQ) و مقیاس آنالوگ بصری (VAS) به‌کار گرفته شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس با سنجش مکرر به‌وسیلۀ نرم‌افزار SPSS در سطح معناداری ≥p 05/0 انجام گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان داد در تکلیف ان-بک، بعد از سه وقفه تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد. مقایسه‌های جفتی حاکی از آن است که اجرای تکلیف ان-بک بعد از وقفۀ استراحت با چشمان باز بهتر از دیگر وقفه‌ها است. در تکلیف استروپ، بعد از فعالیت‌های وقفه‌ای تفاوت معنادار نیست. نتایج حاضر نشان داد ایجاد وقفه‌های متفاوت فقط بر عملکرد حافظۀ کاری و نه عملکرد توجه انتخابی دانش‌آموزان دختر تأثیر متفاوتی دارد. در این راستا، وقفۀ استراحت با چشمان باز موجب بهبود عملکرد حافظۀ کاری می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Rest, Music and Active Video Games on Executive Functions in Female Students

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sara Soltanifar 1
  • Rasool Abedanzadeh 2
  • Esmaeel Saemi 3
1 1. MSc. at Motor Behavior, Sport Sciences Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Department of Motor Behavior, Sport Sciences Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Department of Motor Behavior, Sport Sciences Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The present study is to evaluate the effects of break activities (resting with eyes open, listening to music, playing active video game) on working memory and selective attention in female college students. The semi-experimental research was conducted with the repeated measures design. 36 female students from the city of Shoush Danial, who participated in classes in 2019–2020, were selected in a convenient and purposive way. Working memory and selective attention were assessed using N-Back2 (N-B2) and Stroop Word-Color Test (SWCT). In addition, Demographic Questionnaire (DQ), Mental Wondering Questionnaire (MWQ), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were used. Data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS software at p≤0.05 level of significance. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the n-back test after break activities. Pairwise comparisons indicated that the n-back task after open-eye break was better than other breaks. In addition, the results showed that there was no significant difference in selective attention. The present results show that different breaks have a different effect only on working memory performance and not on selective attention. Accordingly, breaking with eyes open improves working memory performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Break Activity
  • Working Memory
  • Selective Attention
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