تأثیر سبک پردازش عینی در مقابل سبک پردازش انتزاعی بر ظرفیت حافظة ‌کاری در نشخوار فکری شدید

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی شناختی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی تربیتی و مشاوره، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر سبک‌های پردازش عینی و انتزاعی در نشخوار فکری شدید بر ظرفیت حافظة ‌کاری صورت گرفته است. روش پژوهش این مطالعة بنیادی، آزمایشی است و جامعة آماری افراد 50-18 سالة ساکن تهران با نشخوار فکری شدید هستند که به شیوة داوطلبانه در دی‌ماه 1399 در مطالعه شرکت کردند و از میان آنان 30 نفر (21 زن و 9 مرد) با نشخوار فکری شدید براساس پرسشنامه‌های پاسخ نشخوارگونه (RRS) و افسردگی بک-2 (BDI-II) انتخاب شدند. آزمودنی‌ها با انتساب تصادفی در دو گروه 15 نفری عینی و انتزاعی با تماشای فیلمی غمناک تحت القای خُلق منفی قرار داده شدند. سپس متناسب با گروه خود، دستورالعمل سبک پردازش عینی یا انتزاعی را اجرا کردند. حافظة ‌کاری آزمودنی‌ها پیش از تماشای فیلم و بعد از اجرای دستورالعمل سبک پردازش، به‌کمک آزمون فراخنای خواندن (RST) اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج تحلیل کوواریانس داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخة 26 نشان می‌دهد، گروه سبک پردازش عینی به‌طور معناداری ظرفیت حافظة ‌کاری بیشتری از گروه سبک پردازش انتزاعی داشت؛ بدین‌معنا که میزان ظرفیت حافظة ‌کاری تحت تأثیر تغییرات سبک پردازش قرار گرفته است. این تأثیر بر خرده‌مقیاس پردازش حافظة ‌کاری دیده شد، اما تغییرات میزان ظرفیت خرده‌مقیاس اندوزش حافظة ‌کاری بین گروه‌ها تفاوت معناداری نداشت. مطابق با یافته‌های پیشین، سازگاربودن سبک پردازش عینی در مقایسه با سبک پردازش انتزاعی در این پژوهش نیز دیده شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد، سبک پردازش در افراد با نشخوار فکری شدید می‌تواند پیش‌بینی‌کنندة تغییرات میزان ظرفیت حافظة ‌کاری باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Concrete versus Abstract Processing Mode on Working Memory Capacity in High Rumination

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahram Soheilifard 1
  • Maryam Abbasi Sooreshjani 2
  • Masoud Gholamali Lavasani 3
1 MSc. Student, Department of Psychology, psychology and Educational Science Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Psychology, psychology and Educational Science Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, psychology and Educational Science Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Concrete Processing Mode (CPM) and Abstract Processing Mode (APM) on working memory capacity during high rumination. The research method of this basic study is experimental. The statistical population consists of individuals aged 18-50 years with high rumination living in Tehran who voluntarily participated in the study in January 2021. Among them, 30 individuals (21 women and 9 men) with high rumination were selected using the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Participants were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people each, a concrete group and an abstract group, who were put in a negative mood by watching a sad movie. They then performed the instructions CPM or APM, depending on the group. Participants' working memory was measured with the Reading Span Test (RST) before they watched the movie and after they performed the processing mode instruction. The results of the covariance analysis of the data using SPSS version 26 software showed that the CPM group had significantly higher working memory capacity than the APM group. This meant that the capacity of working memory was affected by the changes in processing mode. This effect was evident on the working memory processing subscale, but the changes on the working memory storage subscale did not differ significantly between groups. Consistent with previous findings, CPM was also considered an adaptive mode in contrast to APM in this study. The results showed that processing mode can predict changes in working memory capacity during severe rumination.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Working Memory
  • Rumination
  • Processing Mode
  • Concrete
  • Abstract

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فصل‌نامه پژوهش‌های کاربردی روانشناختی
دوره 12، شماره 4
اسفند 1400
صفحه 271-291

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 16 تیر 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 شهریور 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 شهریور 1400
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 06 بهمن 1400
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 اسفند 1400

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