اثربخشی ابزارهای مختلف مصاحبه با شاهد عینی صحنۀ جرم در تحکیم حافظه برای دسترسی‌های بلندمدت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

4 کارشناسی ارشد حقوق جزا و جرم‌شناسی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

5 استادیار روان‌شناسی قانونی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه باث اسپا، باث، انگلستان

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثربخشی مصاحبه‌های مختلف در تحکیم حافظۀ شاهد عینی است. این مطالعۀ کاربردی با روش آزمایشی (پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل) انجام گرفت. جامعۀ پژوهش شامل دانشجویان کارشناسی دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی دانشگاه تهران در سال تحصیلی 1399-1398 است که از میان آن‌ها 80 نفر (21 مرد و 59 زن) به روش تصادفی خوشه‌ای انتخاب و به چهار گروه مساوی تقسیم شدند. شرکت‌کنندگان ابتدا ویدیویی درمورد سرقت از بانک مشاهده کردند و در جلسۀ دوم، با استفاده از پروتکل‌های مختلف با آن‌ها مصاحبه صورت گرفت (گروه کنترل بدون مصاحبه ماندند). در جلسۀ سوم، برای تمامی شرکت‌کنندگان یک تکلیف یادآوری آزاد برگزار شد. داده‌ها با روش تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره در نرم‌افزار SPSS-23 بررسی شد. طبق یافته‌ها، بین دو گروه شناختی و خودگردان در هیچ یک از جلسات یادآوری تفاوت معناداری دیده نمی‌شود. همچنین گروه ساختاریافته در جلسۀ نخست، اطلاعات درست کمتری از دو گروه شناختی و خودگردان به یاد آوردند، اما در جلسۀ دوم، این تفاوت فقط با گروه شناختی برقرار بود. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد اجرای یادآوری اولیه با استفاده از تکنیک‌های حافظه می‌تواند به تحکیم حافظۀ شاهد عینی و یادآوری جزئیات بیشتر در مصاحبه‌های تأخیری کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Different Eyewitness Interview Tools in Memory Consolidation for Long-term Access

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Shahvaroughi 1
  • Hadi Bahrami Ehsan 2
  • Javad Hatami 3
  • Mohammad ali Shahvaroughi 4
  • Arash Monajem 1
  • Rui M. Paulo 5
1 Department of Psychology, Psychology and Educational Science Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Psychology, Psychology and Educational Science Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Psychology, Psychology and Educational Science Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Criminology and Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
5 School of sciences, Bath Spa University, Bath, UK
چکیده [English]

This study examines the effectiveness of different interviewing tools in consolidating eyewitness memory. This applied research used the post-test with control group design. The population includes all undergraduate students of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science of the University of Tehran, studying in the academic year 2019-20. Eighty participants (21 males and 59 females) were selected using cluster sampling and divided into four groups of equal size. First, participants watched a video recording showing a bank robbery. In the second session, they were interviewed using an eyewitness interview tool (no interview session for the control group). In the last session, all participants were examined using a free recall task. Data were analyzed using MANOVA in SPSS-23 software. The results indicated no significant differences between the CI and the self-administered interview groups (SAI) in either the interview session or the delayed recall task. Participants in the structured interview group recalled significantly fewer details in the first interview session than did the CI and SAI groups. However, this significant difference was only found between the CI and SI groups in the delayed recall session. Thus, the results suggest that early recall can help consolidate witnesses' memory and help them recall more information in later recall attempts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Memory Consolidation
  • Eyewitness
  • Self-Administered Interview
  • Cognitive Interview

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فصل‌نامه پژوهش‌های کاربردی روانشناختی
دوره 12، شماره 4
اسفند 1400
صفحه 23-46

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