اثربخشی آموزش حل مسائل کلامی مبتنی بر طرحواره بر بهبود کارکردهای اجرایی دانش‌آموزان دارای اختلال یادگیری ویژه با آسیب ریاضی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری روان‌شناسی تربیتی، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکدۀ علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه علوم تربیتی ، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 استاد، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

4 استاد، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، ارزیابی اثربخشی آموزش حل مسائل کلامی مبتنی بر طرحواره بر بهبود کارکردهای اجرایی (حافظۀ کاری و بازداری) دانش‌آموزان دارای اختلال یادگیری ویژه با آسیب ریاضی بود. این پژوهش نیمه‌آزمایشی با پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون و دارای گروه کنترل بود. از جامعۀ دانش‌آموزان پسر دورۀ ابتدایی شهر تبریز در سال تحصیلی 1400-1399 که اختلال یادگیری ویژه داشتند، به روش هدفمند 30 دانش‌آموز پایۀ دوم و سوم با اختلال یادگیری ریاضی انتخاب شدند و در دو گروه 15 نفری به‌صورت تصادفی قرار گرفتند. قبل از شروع آموزش، نمرات پیش‌آزمون از گروه‌های مورد مطالعه اخذ شد. سپس گروه آزمایش در 14 جلسۀ 45 دقیقه‌ای در طول دو ماه، برنامۀ حل مسائل کلامی مبتنی بر طرحواره را آموزش دید، اما گروه کنترل چنین آموزشی را دریافت نکرد. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسشنامۀ کارکردهای اجرایی (BRIEF)، آزمون ریاضی کی‌مت (Key Math)، آزمون هوش وکسلر (WISC-IV) و بستۀ آموزش حل مسائل کلامی مبتنی بر طرحواره (SBI) بود. بعد از اتمام آموزش، نمرات پس‌آزمون اخذ و به روش کوواریانس چندمتغیره تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد آموزش مبتنی بر طرحواره، بر مؤلفه‌های کنترل بازداری و حافظۀ کاری در سطح 01/0 P< تأثیر منفی دارد. براساس نتایج، پیشنهاد می‌شود از آموزش مبتنی بر طرحواره برای بهبود مشکلات ریاضی دانش‌آموزان دارای اختلال یادگیری ویژه در مدارس و مراکز اختلال یادگیری استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

An Examination of the Efficacy of Schema-Based Word Problem Instruction in Improving the Executive Functions of Mathematically Impairment Among Students with Specific Learning Disorders

نویسندگان [English]

  • Omid Ebrahimi 1
  • Rahim Badri Gargari 2
  • Shahrooz Nemati 3
  • Touraj Hashemi 4
1 Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Department of Education Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
4 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The objective of this research endeavor was to assess the efficacy of schema-based instruction in word problem solving as a means of enhancing the executive functions of mathematically impaired students with specific learning disorders. This was a semi-experimental study with a control group and a pre-test / post-test design. A purposive sampling method was employed to select 30 second and third grade students with math learning disorders at random from the community of male elementary school students in Tabriz who had specific learning disorders during the academic year 2020-21. These students were then divided into two groups of 15 individuals each. Prior to commencing the training, the study groups provided pre-test scores. Theexperimental group was subsequently instructed in the solution of word problems using Schema-Based Instruction (SBI) for a total of fourteen 45-minute sessions over the course of two months; yet the control group did not receive this training. The Executive Function Questionnaire (BRIEF), Wechsler Intelligence Scales (WISC-IV), and Iran Key Math are examples of research instruments. Post-test scores were collected and analyzed utilizing multivariate covariance subsequent to the instruction. The findings indicated that schema-based instruction negatively impacted the inhibition control and working memory components (p<0.05). It is recommended that educational institutions and learning disorders centers implement schema-based instruction in order to assist students with specific learning disorders in solving mathematical problems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mathematic
  • Problem Solving
  • Schematic-based Instruction
  • specific learning disorders
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دوره 14، شماره 3
1402
صفحه 25-44
  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 آبان 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 آذر 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 06 دی 1400
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 01 شهریور 1402
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 مهر 1402