شناسایی عوامل غایت‌آفرین در تجربۀ زیستۀ تحصیلی مردان نخبۀ ایرانی: یک مطالعۀ کیفی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی تربیتی، گروه روانشناسی تربیتی و مشاوره، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی تربیتی و مشاوره، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه روش‌ها و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی و درسی، دانشکدۀ روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی عواملی بود که در مدرسه و دانشگاه به غایتمندی مردان نخبه انجامیده است. در این مطالعه رویکرد کیفی، جهان‌بینی سازاگرایانه و طرح پژوهش نظریۀ داده‌بنیاد با هدف مرتب‌سازی مفهومی به‌کار گرفته شد. جامعۀ مورد مطالعه تمامی نخبگان مرد ایرانی عمدتاً ساکن تهران در بازۀ سنی 25 تا 45 بود. مشارکت‌کنندگان ۱۶ نفر بودند که به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها طی سال‌های ۱۴۰۱ تا ۱۴۰۲ از مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختاریافتۀ حضوری و آنلاین استفاده شد و کدگذاری براساس راهبرد شارماز طی دو مرحلۀ کدگذاری اولیه و متمرکز با استفاده از نرم‌افزار مکس‌کیودی‌ای 2018 صورت گرفت. به‌صورت کلی سه مضمون اصلی شامل روابط مؤثر، تجربۀ عاملیت و تجربۀ تنوع به همراه مقوله‌ها و زیرمقوله‌های خاص خود به‌دست آمد. روابط مؤثر به افراد و پویایی‌هایی اشاره دارد که در محیط فرد غایتمند حضور و جریان داشته‌اند، مانند معلمان و استادان مدرسه و دانشگاه. تجربۀ عاملیت به خودکارآمدی و احساس مفیدبودن اشاره دارد؛ مانند مسئولیت‌سپاری در مدرسه و دانشگاه و تجربۀ تنوع به آشنایی با زمینه‌های مختلف علمی و عملی اشاره دارد. با توجه به نتایج، به‌منظور ایجاد بافتی مستعد غایتمندی باید مدرسه و دانشگاه بستر تجارب متنوع علمی، عملی و ارتباطی را فراهم کنند و مخاطبان خود را در هریک از این حیطه‌ها به کنش و حل مسئله وادارند. این امر سبب می‌شود دانش‌آموزان و دانشجویان با آزادی بیشتری درک خود از خود و محیط اطرافشان را بالا برند، اهداف معنادار شکل دهند و به پیگیری آن اقدام کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying the Purpose Fostering Factors in the Academic Lived Experience of Iranian Male Elites: A Qualitative Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohamadreza Taghizadeh 1
  • Mansoureh Haj Hosseini 2
  • Elaheh Hejazi Moughari 2
  • Keyvan Salehi 3
1 Department of Educational Psychology and counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Teaching Methods and Educational and Curriculum Planning, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The current research endeavored to discern factors leading to the sense of purpose among male elites in school and university. The study implemented a grounded theory research design with the objective of conceptualizing the ordering process, utilizing a constructivist worldview and a qualitative approach. The investigation concentrated on males aged 25 to 45 who were members of the Iranian elite community and resided primarily in Tehran. Data were gathered through 2022 to 2023 through online or in-person semi-structured interviews with sixteen participants who were purposively selected. The Charmaz method was employed to execute analysis and coding in two stages:initial and focused coding, which was facilitated by the MAXQDA 2018 software. In general, three primary themes were identified, along with their respective categories and subcategories: Diversity, effective relationships, and the experience of agency. Effective relationships are defined as the dynamics and individuals that exist within the context of the purposeful individual, including teachers and professors. Taking responsibility in school and university is an example of the experience of agency, which is characterized by self-efficacy and a sense of influence. Experiencing diversity, the final term, denotes an understanding of various scientific and practical disciplines. The results obtained indicate that in order to establish an environment that is conducive to purposefulness, schools and universities must offer contexts that incorporate a variety of scientific, practical, and relational experiences. This will encourage their audience to engage in problem-solving and activation within each domain, thereby enabling students to develop a more autonomous level of self-awareness and contextual understanding, as well as to establish meaningful objectives and actively pursue them.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Purpose in Life
  • Life Meaning
  • School
  • University

مراجع

ابطحی، س.، و تقی‌زاده شیرازی، م. (1۴0۱). وقتی دانش‌آموزان خود را با یکدیگر مقایسه می‌کنند. تهران: خسرو خوبان.
اصلانی، ا. (1390). مدرسۀ بدون رقابت. تهران: دوران.
سند راهبردی کشور در امور نخبگان (1391). https://sccr.ir/Files/5682.pdf
سیف، ع. (۱۴۰۲). روان‌شناسی پرورشی نوین. تهران: دوران.

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فصل‌نامه پژوهش‌های کاربردی روانشناختی
دوره 15، شماره 4
دی 1403
صفحه 181-198

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 09 اسفند 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 26 اسفند 1402
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 05 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 دی 1403

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