بررسی مدل ساختاری تأثیر عزت‌نفس، خودشئ‌انگاری، و طرحواره‌های ظاهر بر سبک انتخاب لباس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه رواننشاسی، مؤسسه آموزش عالی المهدی مهر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 استادیار گروه هنر، مؤسسه آموزش عالی المهدی مهر اصفهان،اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی مدل ساختاری تأثیر عزت‌نفس، خودشئ‌انگاری و طرحواره‌های ظاهر  بر سبک انتخاب لباس بود. روش پژوهش، کاربردی و از نوع پژوهش­های پیش‌بین بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه دانشجویان مشغول‌به‌تحصیل در دانشگاه‌های سپاهان شهر اصفهان در سال تحصیلی 99-1398 بود. از بین این افراد 192 دانشجوی دختر به‌طور در دسترس انتخاب شدند و به پرسشنامه‌های کارکردهای لباس پوشیدن (FC)، عزت‌نفس (SE)، طرحواره های مربوط به ظاهر (ASI)، مقیاس باورها و رفتارهای خودشئ‌انگاری (SOBBS) و پرسشنامه اطلاعات زمینه‌ای پاسخ دادند. نتایج معادلات ساختاری نشان دادکه عزت‌نفس و طرحواره­های ظاهر (خودارزیابی)، می‌توانند کارکردهای لباس پوشیدن را تحت‌تأثیر قرار دهند، به‌طوری که فردیت، امنیت و «مد بودن» را به‌صورت مثبت و استتار را به‌صورت منفی پیش‌بینی می‌کنند. عزت‌نفس بیشترین تأثیر را بر کارکرد «مد بودن» دارد، همچنین می­تواند خودشئ­انگاری (بدن به‌عنوان به خود) را به‌صورت منفی پیش‌بینی کند. خودشئ­انگاری (بدن به‌‌عنوان به خود) نیز، می­تواند به‌طور غیرمستقیم (با نقش واسطه‌ای«طرحواره خودارزیابی») همه کارکردهای لباس پوشیدن را پیش‌بینی کند. به‌طوری که فردیت، امنیت و «مد بودن» را به‌صورت مثبت و استتار را به‌صورت منفی پیش­بینی می­کند. خودشئ‌انگاری (بدن به‌عنوان به خود) و طرحواره­های ظاهر (خودارزیابی) در رابطه بین عزت‌نفس و کارکردهای لباس پوشیدن نقش واسطه‌ای دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Self-esteem, Self-objectification, and Appearance Schemas on Clothing Choice Style: Examining the Structural Model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zohre Alaedini 1
  • Sodabe Hasannejad 2
1 Assistant Professor of Psychology, Higher Education Institute of Al-Mahdi Mehr Isfahan,Isfahan, Iran
2 Higher Education Institute of Al-Mahdi Mehr Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to examine the structural model of the effects of self-esteem and appearance schemas on clothing choice style. The study was an applied and predictive research. The population included all students studying at Sepahanshahr universities in 2019-2020 academic year, from which 192 female students were selected using the convenient sampling method. The scales for assessment used in the study were Functions of Clothing (FC), Self-Esteem (SE), Appearance Schemas Inventory (ASI), Self-Objectification Beliefs, and Behaviors Scale (SOBBS), in addition to the demographic questionnaire. The results showed that self-esteem and appearance schemas affected clothing functions including “individuality”, “security”, and “mode” positively, and “camouflage” negatively. Self-esteem had the greatest impact on the function of "mode" and also predicted self-objectification ("body as self") negatively. Self-objectification ("the body as self") also indirectly (with the mediating role of the "self-evaluation schema") predicted all the functions of clothing (i.e., individuality, security, and mode) positively except for camouflage which was predicted negatively. Self-objectification ("body as self") and appearance schemas (self-evaluation) seem to play a mediating role in the relationship between self-esteem and functions of clothing. It is concluded that self-esteem and various aspects of body image (self-objectification and appearance schemas) influence the clothing choice style.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Self-Esteem
  • Self-Objectification
  • Appearance Schemas
  • Clothing Choice Style
هومن، ح. ع. (1384). مدل­سازی معادلات ساختاری با استفاده از نرم­افزار لیزرل. تهران: سمت.
یزدان­فر، م.، شهنی ییلاق، م.، حاجی یخچالی، ع.، و عالی­پور بیرگانی، س. (1398). مقیاس دوبُعدی توانایی­های شناختی اجتماعی- غیراجتماعی: بازطراحی و مدلسازی براساس نظریه سؤال- پاسخ چندبُعدی، معادلات ساختاری و داده­های شبیه­سازی شده. فصلنامه پژوهش­های کاربردی روانشناختی. 10(4)، 24-1.
Adams, K. E., Tyler, J. M., Calogero, R., & Lee, J. (2017). Exploring the relationship between appearance-contingent self-worth and self-esteem: The roles of self-objectification and appearance anxiety. Body Image. 23, 176-182.
Anderson, J. R., Holland, E., Koc, Y., & Haslam, N. (2018). Objectify: Self‐and other‐objectification on Grindr, a geosocial networking application designed for men who have sex with men. European Journal of Social Psychology. 48(5), 600-613.
Banister, E. N., & Hogg, M. K. (2004). Negative symbolic consumption and consumers’ drive for self-esteem: The case of the fashion industry. European Journal of Marketing. 38(7), 850-868.
Barzoki, M. H., Vahedi, M., Nourmohamadi, S., & Kalantari, S. E. (2018). The Mediating Role of Contingent Self-Esteem in the Association Between Self-Objectification and Self-Esteem. Sexuality & Culture. 22(4), 1300-1309.
Beach, J. L., Kincade, D. H., & Schofield-Tomschin, S. (2005). Human complexity: Development of a theoretical framework for the clothing and textile field. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal. 23(1), 28-44.
Calogero, R. M. (2011). Operationalizing self-objectification: Assessment and related methodological issues. Washigton DC: American Psychological Association.
Calogero, R. M., & Thompson, J. K. (2009). Sexual self-esteem in American and British college women: Relations with self-objectification and eating problems. Sex Roles. 60(3-4), 160-173.
Calogero, R. M., Tantleff-Dunn, S. E., & Thompson, J. (2011). Objectification theory: An introduction. Washigton DC: American Psychological Association.
Carrotte, E., & Anderson, J. R. (2018). A systematic review of the relationship between trait self-objectification and personality traits. Personality and Individual Differences. 132, 20-31.
Cash, T. (2003). Brief manual for the appearance schemas inventory–revised. Body Image Research Consulting. Virginia.
Cash, T. F. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral perspectives on body image. In Cash, T.F. & Smolak, L. (Eds.), Body Image: A Handbook of Science, Practice, and Prevention (pp. 39-47). New York: Guilford Press.
Cash, T. F., Melnyk, S. E., & Hrabosky, J. I. (2004). The assessment of body image investment: An extensive revision of the Appearance Schemas Inventory. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 35(3), 305-316.
Chang, H. J. J., Yurchisin, J., & Hodges, N.,  Watchravesringkan, K. (2013). An Investigation of Self-Concept, Clothing Selection, and Life Satisfaction among Disabled Consumers. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal. 42(2), 162-176.
Choma, B. L., Visser, B. A., Pozzebon, J. A., Bogaert, A. F., Busseri, M. A., & Sadava, S. W. (2010). Self-objectification, self-esteem, and gender: Testing a moderated mediation model. Sex Roles. 63(9-10), 645-656.
Cohen, R., Newton-John, T., & Slater, A. (2018). ‘Selfie’-objectification: The role of selfies in self-objectification and disordered eating in young women. Computers in Human Behavior. 79, 68-74.
Damhorst, M. L. (1999). Dressing through adulthood. In M. L. Damhorst, K. A. Miller, & S. O. Michelman (Eds.), The meanings of dress (pp. 328–370). New York: Fairchild.
Damhorst, M. L. (2005). Fashion as a social process. Damhorst, ML, Miller-‐Spillman, KA and Michelman, SO eds. The Meaning of dress. Fairchild Publication. Inc: New York. pp, 403, 447.
Dryden, C., & Anderson, J. (2019). The dark triad, trait-based self-objectification, and body image concerns in young women. Personality and Individual Differences. 145, 1-8.
Dubler, M. L. J., & Gurel, L. M. (1984). Depression: Relationships to Clothing and Appearance Self‐Concept. Home Economics Research Journal. 13(1), 21-26.
Entwistle, J., & Wilson, E. B. (2001). Body dressing: Bloomsbury Academic.
Fallon, A. (1990). Culture in the mirror: Sociocultural determinants of body image. In T. F. Cash & T. Pruzinsky (Eds.), Body images: Development, deviance, and change (p. 80–109). Guilford Press.
Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. A. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly. 21(2), 173-206.
Fredrickson, B. L., Hendler, L. M., Nilsen, S., O’Barr, J. F., & Roberts, T. A. (2011). Bringing back the body: A retrospective on the development of objectification theory. Psychology of Women Quarterly. 35(4), 689-696.
Fredrickson, B. L., Roberts, T. A., Noll, S. M., Quinn, D. M., & Twenge, J. M. (1998). That swimsuit becomes you: sex differences in self-objectification, restrained eating, and math performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 75(5), 1098-1098.
Friestad, C., & Rise, J. (2004). A longitudinal study of the relationship between body image, self‐esteem and dieting among 15–21 year olds in Norway. European Eating Disorders Review: The Professional Journal of the Eating Disorders Association. 12(4), 247-255.
Frith, H., & Gleeson, K. (2004). Clothing and embodiment: Men managing body image and appearance. Psychology of Men & Masculinity. 5(1), 40-52.
Ganem, P. A., de Heer, H., & Morera, O. F. (2009). Does body dissatisfaction predict mental health outcomes in a sample of predominantly Hispanic college students? Personality and Individual Differences. 46(4), 557-561.
Garrow, J. S., & Webster, J. (1985). Quetelet's index (W/H2) as a measure of fatness. International Journal of Obesity. 9(2), 147-153.
Greenleaf, C. (2005). Self-objectification among physically active women. Sex Roles. 52(1-2), 51-62.
Gurel, L. M., & Gurel, L. (1979). Clothing interest: Conceptualization and measurement. Home Economics Research Journal. 7(5), 274-282.
Harper, B., & Tiggemann, M. (2008). The effect of thin ideal media images on women’s self-objectification, mood, and body image. Sex Roles. 58(9-10), 649-657.
Jones, B. A., & Griffiths, K. M. (2015). Self-objectification and depression: An integrative systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders. 171, 22-32.
Joung, H. M., & Miller, N. J. (2006). Factors of dress affecting self-esteem in older females. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal. 10(4), 466-478.
Kaiser, S. (1997). The social psychology of clothing: symbolic appearances in context. New York: Fairchild.
Kang, J. Y. M., Johnson, K. K., & Kim, J. (2013). Clothing functions and use of clothing to alter mood. International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education. 6(1), 43-52.
  Argyrides, M., & Kkeli, N. (2013). Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales: Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version. Psychological Reports, 113(3), 885–897.
Kline, P. (2000). The handbook of psychological testing. Psychology Press.
Kwon, Y. H. (1991). The influence of the perception of mood and self-consciousness on the selection of clothing. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal. 9(4), 41-46.
Kwon, Y. H., & Parham, E. S. (1994). Effects of state of fatness perception on weight conscious women's clothing practices. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal. 12(4), 16-21.
Lindner, D., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (2017). The development and psychometric evaluation of the Self-Objectification Beliefs and Behaviors Scale. Psychology of Women Quarterly. 41(2), 254-272.
Lowery, S. E., Kurpius, S. E. R., Befort, C., Blanks, E. H., Sollenberger, S., Nicpon, M. F., & Huser, L. (2005). Body image, self-esteem, and health-related behaviors among male and female first year college students. Journal of College Student Development. 46(6), 612-623.
McKinley, N. M. (2006). The developmental and cultural contexts of objectified body consciousness: a longitudinal analysis of two cohorts of women. Developmental Psychology. 42(4), 679-678.
Mehak, A., Friedman, A., & Cassin, S. E. (2018). Self-objectification, weight bias internalization, and binge eating in young women: Testing a mediational model. Body Image. 24, 111-115.
Moody, W., Kinderman, P., & Sinha, P. (2010). An exploratory study: Relationships between trying on clothing, mood, emotion, personality and clothing preference. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal. 14(1), 161-179.
Morris, D. (1977). Manwatching: Afield guide to human behavior. New York: Abrams.
Piacentini, M., & Mailer, G. (2004). Symbolic consumption in teenagers' clothing choices. Journal of Consumer Behaviour: An International Research Review. 3(3), 251-262.
Prichard, I., & Tiggemann, M. (2005). Objectification in fitness centers: Self-objectification, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating in aerobic instructors and aerobic participants. Sex Roles. 53(1-2), 19-28.
Roberts, T. A. (2004). Female trouble: The menstrual self-evaluation scale and women's self-objectification. Psychology of Women Quarterly. 28(1), 22-26.
Roberts, T.-A., Calogero, R. M., & Gervais, S. J. (2018). Objectification theory: Continuing contributions to feminist psychology. In C. B. Travis, J. W. White, A. Rutherford, W. S. Williams, S. L. Cook, & K. F. Wyche (Eds.), APA handbooks in psychology®. APA handbook of the psychology of women: History, theory, and battlegrounds (p. 249–271). American Psychological
Robins, R. W., Hendin, H. M., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2001). Measuring global self-esteem: Construct validation of a single-item measure and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 27(2), 151-161.
Rosen, J. C. (1990). Body-image disturbances in eating disorders. In T. F. Cash & T. Pruzinsky (Eds.), Body images: Development, deviance, and change (p. 190–214). Guilford Press.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Rosenberg self-esteem scale (SES). Society and the Adolescent Self-image. 28(1), 22-26.
Rudd, N. A., & Lennon, S. J. (2000). Body image and appearance-management behaviors in college women. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal. 18(3), 152-162.
Rusticus, S. A., & Hubley, A. M. (2005). Validation of two body image measures for men and women. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association (APA), Washington, DC, USA.
Ryan, M. S. (1953). Psychological Effects of Clothing: Comparison of college students with high school students, rural with urban students, and boys with girls (Vol. 898): Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station.
Schaefer, L. M., Burke, N. L., Calogero, R. M., Menzel, J. E., Krawczyk, R., & Thompson, J. K. (2018). Self-objectification, body shame, and disordered eating: Testing a core mediational model of objectification theory among White, Black, and Hispanic women. Body Image. 24, 5-12.
Shorter, L., Brown, S. L., Quinton, S. J., & Hinton, L. (2008). Relationships between body‐shape discrepancies with favored celebrities and disordered eating in young women. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 38(5), 1364-1377.
Siegel, J. A., & Calogero, R. M. (2019). Conformity to feminine norms and self-objectification in self-identified feminist and non-feminist women. Body Image. 28, 115-118.
Strelan, P., Mehaffey, S. J., & Tiggemann, M. (2003). Brief report: Self-objectification and esteem in young women: The mediating role of reasons for exercise. Sex Roles. 48(1-2), 89-95.
Sweeney, M. M., & Zionts, P. (1989). The" second skin": Perceptions of disturbed and nondisturbed early adolescents on clothing, self-concept, and body image. Adolescence. 24(94), 411-428.
Tiggemann, M. (2005). Body dissatisfaction and adolescent self-esteem: Prospective findings. Body Image. 2(2), 129-135.
Tiggemann, M., & Andrew, R. (2012). Clothing choices, weight, and trait self-objectification. Body Image. 9(3), 409-412.
Tiggemann, M., & Lacey, C. (2009). Shopping for clothes: Body satisfaction, appearance investment, and functions of clothing among female shoppers. Body Image. 6(4), 285-291.
Tiggemann, M., & Lynch, J. E. (2001). Body image across the life span in adult women: the role of self-objectification. Developmental Psychology. 37(2), 243-254.
Tombs, A. G. (2010). Do our feelings leak through the clothes we wear? Australian & New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference, Brisbane, Australia, 4-6 December 2006. Brisbane, Australia: Queensland University of Technology.
Tondl, R., & Henneman, A. (1994). Using Clothing Choices and Body Image to Enhance Self-Esteem. Journal of Extension. 32(2), 38-49.
Trautmann, J., Worthy, S. L., & Lokken, K. L. (2007). Body dissatisfaction, bulimic symptoms, and clothing practices among college women. The Journal of Psychology. 141(5), 485-498.
Watson, A. F., Blanco, J., Hunt-Hurst, P., & Medvedev, K. (2010). Caregivers' perceptions of clothing for people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 110(3), 961-964.
Young, T. R. (2007). Relationship Between Appearance Schemas, Self-esteem, and Indirect Aggression Among College Women. Oklahoma State University.
دوره 11، شماره 3
آذر 1399
صفحه 169-178
  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 آذر 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 21 دی 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 24 اردیبهشت 1399
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 05 آبان 1399
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 آذر 1399