بهرامی دشتکی، ه.، علیزاده، ح.، غباری بناب، ب.، و کرمی، ا. (1385). اثربخشی آموزش معنویت به شیوۀ گروهی بر کاهش افسردگی در دانشجویان.
پژوهشهای مشاوره (تازهها و پژوهشهای مشاوره). 5(19)، 72-49.
https://www.sid.ir/paper/70150/fa
خانیپور، ح.، گلزاری، م.، شمس، ج.، زارع، ه.، و کرملو، س. (1392). رابطۀ نگرشهای شرم مرتبط با اختلالهای روانی با هیجان ابرازشده در اعضای خانوادۀ افراد با اختلال دوقطبی و اسکیزوفرنی.
فصلنامۀ خانوادهپژوهی. 9(34)، 254-241.
https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96271.html
فتحالهزاده، ن.، مجلسی، ز.، مظاهری، ز.، رستمی، م.، و نوابینژاد، ش. (1396). اثربخشی درمان متمرکز بر شفقت بر شرم درونیشده و خودانتقادی زنان آزاردیدۀ عاطفی.
مطالعات روانشناختی. 13(2)، 168-151.
https://doi.org/10.22051/psy.2017.12381.1274
حسینی، ع.، و محمودزاده، ز. (1398). رابطۀ تعارض والدین با یکدیگر و سبکهای فرزندپروری ادراکشده با پرخاشگری و رفتارهای خودآسیبرسان در نوجوانان.
سومین کنفرانس ملی نوآوری و تحقیق در اخلاق و تربیت، مناسبات دین و روانشناسی. تهران، ایران.
https://www.civilica.com/Paper-ENPCONF03-ENPCONF03_014.html.
References
Hoseini, A., & Mahmoudzadeh, Z. (2018). The relationship between parental conflict with each other and perceived parenting styles with aggression and self-injury behaviors in adolescents.
Third National Conference on Innovation and Research in Ethics and Education, Religion and Psychology. Tehran, Iran.
https://www.civilica.com/doc/967626 (In Persian)
Ammerman, B. A., & Brown, S. (2018). The mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship between parental expressed emotion and NSSI.
Current Psychology, 37(1), 325-333.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9516-1
Andover, M. S., Morris, B. W., Wren, A., & Bruzzese, M. E. (2012). The co-occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury and attempted suicide among adolescents: Distinguishing risk factors and psychosocial correlates.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 6(1), 11.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-6-11
Baetens, I., Andrews, T., Claes, L., & Martin, G. (2015). The association between family functioning and NSSI in adolescence: the mediating role of depressive symptoms.
Family Science, 6(1), 330-337.
https://doi.org/10.1080/19424620.2015.1056917
Baetens, I., Claes, L., Martin, G., Onghena, P., Grietens, H., Van Leeuwen, K., Pieters, C., Wiersema, J. R., & Griffith, J. W. (2014). Is nonsuicidal self-injury associated with parenting and family factors?
The Journal of Early Adolescence,
34(3), 387-405.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431613494006
Bahrami Dashtaki, H., Alhzadeh, H., Ghobaribonab, B., & Karami, A. (2006). The Effectiveness of Group Spirituality Training on Decreasing of Depression in Studentds.
Counseling Research and Development, 5(19), 49-72.
https://www.sid.ir/paper/70150/fa (In Persian)
Bahri, S, L., & Mohammadi, N. (2015). Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale.
Journalof Family Research, 10(4), 87-101.
https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96445.html (In Persian)
Bar, M., Schrieber, G., Gueron-Sela, N., Shahar, G., & Tikotzky, L. (2020). Role of self-criticism, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in young adults’ insomnia.
International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 13(1), 15-29.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41811-019-00058-2
Barcaccia, B., Salvati, M., Pallini, S., Baiocco, R., Curcio, G., Mancini, F., & Vecchio, G. M. (2020). Interpersonal forgiveness and adolescent depression: The mediational role of self-reassurance and self-criticism.
Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(2), 462-470.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01550-1
Beck, A. T., & Beamesderfer, A. (1974). Assessment of depression: the depression inventory.
Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry,
7(0), 151–169.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000395074
Bentley, K. H., Nock, M. K., & Barlow, D. H. (2014). The four-function model of non-suicidal self-injury: Key directions for future research.
Clinical Psychological Science, 2(5), 638-656.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702613514563
Bhuptani, P. H., Kaufman, J. S., Messman-Moore, T. L., Gratz, K. L., & DiLillo, D. (2019). Rape disclosure and depression among community women: The mediating roles of shame and experiential avoidance.
Violence Against Women. 25(10), 1226-1242.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801218811683
Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York: Basic Books
Brunner, R., Kaess, M., Parzer, P., Fischer, G., Carli, V., Hoven, C. W., ... & Wasserman, D. (2014). Life‐time prevalence and psychosocial correlates of adolescent direct self‐injurious behavior: A comparative study of findings in 11 European countries.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,
55(4), 337-348.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12166
Bryan, C. J., Bryan, A. O., Ray-Sannerud, B. N., Etienne, N., & Morrow, C. E. (2014). Suicide attempts before joining the military increase risk for suicide attempts and severity of suicidal ideation among military personnel and veterans.
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(3), 534-541.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.10.006
Caldwell, J., Meredith, P., Whittingham, K., & Ziviani, J. (2021). Shame and guilt in the postnatal period: a systematic review.
Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 39(1), 67-85.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2020.1754372
Cantz, P., & Kaplan, K. (2017). Biblical narratives for positive psychology and suicide prevention: an evidence supported approach.
Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 20(7), 654-678.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1383373
Chapman, A. L., Gratz, K. L., & Brown, M. Z. (2006). Solving the puzzle of deliberate self-harm: The experiential avoidance model
. Behavior Research and Therapy, 44, 371–394.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.03.005
Cherry, M. G., Taylor, P. J., Brown, S. L., Rigby, J. W., & Sellwood, W. (2017). Guilt, shame and expressed emotion in careers of people with long-term mental health difficulties: A systematic review.
Psychiatry Research, 249, 139-151.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.056
Demet, E. O., (2006). The relationships between self-criticism, submissive behavior and depression among Turkish adolescents.
Personality and Individual Differences, 41(5)
, 793-800.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.013
Fatolaahzadeh, N., Majlesi, Z., Mazaheri., Z., Rostami, M., & Navabinejad., SH. (2017). The effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy with internalized shame and self-criticism on emotionally abused women.
Quarterly Journal of Psychological Studies,
13(2), 151-168.
https://doi.org/10.22051/psy.2017.12381.1274 (In Persian)
Foroughi, A, A., Khanjani, S., Kazemeini, M., & Tayeri., F. (2015). Factor structure and psychometric properties of iranian version of external shame scale.
Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 2(2), 50-57.
http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.25886657.1394.2.2.7.1 (In Persian)
Gao, Y., Wang, H., Liu, X., Xiong, Y., & Wei, M. (2020). Associations between stressful life events, non‐suicidal self‐injury, and depressive symptoms among Chinese rural‐to‐urban children: A three‐wave longitudinal study.
Stress and Health, 36(4), 522-532.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2954
Gilbert, P. (2007). The evolution of shame as a marker for relationship security: A biopsychosocial approach. In J. L. Tracy, R. W. Robins, & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research (pp. 283–309). The Guilford Press.
Gilbert, P., & Irons, C. (2005). Focused therapies and compassionate mind training for shame and self-attacking. In P. Gilbert (Ed.),
Compassion: Conceptualizations, research and use in psychotherapy (pp. 263–325). London: Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203003459
Gilbert, P., & Procter, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self‐criticism: Overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach.
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 13(6), 353-379.
https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.507
Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Gibbons, L., Chotai, S., Duarte, J., & Matos, M. (2012). Fears of compassion and happiness in relation to alexithymia, mindfulness, and self‐criticism. Psychology and Psychotherapy
: Theory, Research and Practice,
85(4), 374-390
. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.2011.02046.x
Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Irons, C., Bhundia, R., Christie, R., Broomhead, C., & Rockliff, H. (2010). Self‐harm in a mixed clinical population: The roles of self‐criticism, shame, and social rank.
British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(4), 563-576.
https://doi.org/10.1348/014466509X479771
Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Matos, M., & Rivis, A. (2011). Fears of compassion: Development of three self‐report measures.
Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84(3),
239-255.
https://doi.org/10.1348/147608310x526511
Gratz, K. L. & Chapman, A. L. (2009). Freedom from self-harm: Overcoming self-injury with skills from DBT and other treatments. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications Inc.
Gratz, K. L. (2001). Measurement of deliberate self-harm: Preliminary data on the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory.
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment,
23(4), 253-263.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A;1012779403943
Hankin, B. L., & Abela, J. R. (2011). Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence: Prospective rates and risk factors in a 2 ½ year longitudinal study.
Psychiatry Research, 186(1), 65-70.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.056
James, K., Verplanken, B., & Rimes, K.A. (2015). Self-criticism as a mediator in the relationship between unhealthy perfectionism and distress.
Personality and Individual Differences, 79, 123-128.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.030
Jiang, Y., Ren, Y., Liu, T., & You, J. (2021). Rejection sensitivity and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: Mediation through depressive symptoms and moderation by fear of self-compassion.
Psychology and Psychotherapy,
94, 481–496.
https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12293
Khanipour, H., Golzari, M., Shams, J., Zare, H., & Karamlou, S. (2013).
Relationship between shame attitude towards mental disorders and expressed emotion in family members of people with bipolar and schizophrenia
. Journal of Family Research, 9(2), 241-254.
https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_96271.html (In Persian)
Klonsky, E. D., & Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2007). Self‐injury: A research review for the practitioner.
Journal of Clinical Psychology,
63(11), 1045-1056.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20412
Klonsky, E. D., Muehlenkamp, J. J., Lewis, S., & Walsh, B. (2011). Non-suicidal self-injury. Advances in psychotherapy: Evidence- based practice. Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe Publishing.
LeBlanc, N. J., Toner, E. R., O'Day, E. B., Moore, C. W., Marques, L., Robinaugh, D. J., & McNally, R. J. (2020). Shame, guilt, and pride after loss: Exploring the relationship between moral emotions and psychopathology in bereaved adults.
Journal of Affective Disorders,
263, 405-412.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.164
Madge, N., Hawton, K., McMahon, E. M., Corcoran, P., De Leo, D., De Wilde, E. J., ... & Arensman, E. (2011). Psychological characteristics, stressful life events and deliberate self-harm: findings from the Child & Adolescent Self-harm in Europe (CASE) Study
. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry,
20(10), 499-508.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-011-0210-4
Madge, N., Hewitt, A., Hawton, K., Wilde, E. J. D., Corcoran, P., Feket9e, S., van Heeringen, K., De Leo, D., & Ystgaard, M. (2008). Deliberate self‐harm within an international community sample of young people: comparative findings from the Child & Adolescent Self‐harm in Europe (CASE) Study.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(6), 667-677.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01879.x
Madjar, N., Sarel-Mahlev, E., & Klomek, A. B. (2020). Depression symptoms as mediator between adolescents' sense of loneliness at school and non-suicidal self-injury behaviors.
Crisis, 42(2),
144-151.
https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000702
Mojahed. A., Rajabi, M., Khanjani, S., & Basharpoor, S. (2018). Prediction of self-injury behavior in men with borderline personality disorder based on their symptoms of borderline personality and alexithymia.
International Journal of High-Risk Behaviors and Addiction, 7(3), e67693.
https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.67693
Pauley, G., & McPherson, S. (2010). The experience and meaning of compassion and self‐compassion for individuals with depression or anxiety
. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 83(2), 129-143.
https://doi.org/10.1348/147608309X471000
Selby, E. A., Bender, T. W., Gordon, K. H., Nock, M. K., & Joiner Jr, T. E. (2012). Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) disorder: A preliminary study.
Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 3(2)
, 167-175.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024405
Shields, C. G., Franks. P., Harp, J. J., McDaniel, S. H., & Dampbell, T. C. (1992). Development of the Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale (FFEICS): A self- report scale to measure expressed emotions.
Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 18, 395-407.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1992.tb00953.x
Siegel, D. J. (2020). The developing mind: How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are. New York Guilford Publications.
Swannell, S., Martin, G., Page, A., Hasking, P., Hazell, P., Taylor, A., & Protani, M. (2012). Child maltreatment, subsequent non-suicidal self-injury and the mediating roles of dissociation, alexithymia and self-blame.
Child Abuse & Neglect. 36(7-8), 572-584.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.05.005
Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2003). Shame and guilt. Guilford Press.
Thompson, R. & Zuroff, D. C. (2004). The Levels of Self-Criticism Scale: comparative self-criticism and internalized self-criticism.
Personality and Individual Differences. 36(2), 419-30.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00106-5
Tlton-Weaver, L., Marshall, S. K., & Svensson, Y. (2019). Depressive symptoms and non-suicidal self-injury during adolescence: Latent patterns of short-term stability and change.
Journal of Adolescence.
75, 163-174.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.07.013
Wasserman, S., De Mamani, A. W., & Suro, G. (2012). Shame and guilt/self-blame as predictors of expressed emotion in family members of patients with schizophrenia.
Psychiatry Research. 196(1), 27-31.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2011.08.009
Wilkinson, P., Kelvin, R., Roberts, C., Dubicka, B., & Goodyer, I. (2011). Clinical and psychosocial predictors of suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury in the Adolescent Depression Antidepressants and Psychotherapy Trial (ADAPT).
American Journal of Psychiatry. 168(5), 495-501.
https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10050718
Xavier, A., Gouveia, J. P., & Cunha, M. (2016). Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence: The role of shame, self-criticism and fear of self-compassion.
Child & Youth Care Forum. 45(4), 571-586.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-016-9346-1
Xavier, A., Pinto-Gouveia, J., Cunha, M., & Dinis, A. (2017). Longitudinal pathways for the maintenance of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescence: The pernicious blend of depressive symptoms and self-criticism.
Child & Youth Care Forum. 46(6), 841-856.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-017-9406-1
Yamaguchi, A., & Kim, M. S. (2013). Effects of self-criticism and its relationship with depression across cultures
. International Journal of Psychological Studies. 5(1), 1-10.
https://doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v5n1p1
Yates, T. M. (2004). The developmental psychopathology of self-injurious behavior: Compensatory regulation in posttraumatic adaptation.
Clinical Psychology Review. 24(1), 35-74.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2003.10.001
Zeeck, A., von Wietersheim, J., Weiss, H., Hermann, S., Endorf, K., Lau, I., & Hartmann, A. (2020). Self-criticism and personality functioning predict patterns of symptom change in major depressive disorder.
Frontiers in Psychiatry. 11, 147.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00147
Zetterqvist, M., Lundh, L. G., Dahlström, Ö., & Svedin, C. G. (2013). Prevalence and function of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in a community sample of adolescents, using suggested DSM-5 criteria for a potential NSSI disorder
. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 41(5), 759-773.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9712-5